바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

Network, Channel, and Geographical Proximity of Knowledge Transfer: The Case of University-Industry Collaboration in South Korea

Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy / Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy, (P)2287-1608; (E)2287-1616
2015, v.4 no.2, pp.242-262
Ki-Seok Kwon
Duckhee Jang
Park, Han Woo
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed

Abstract

The relationship between geographical proximity and academics’ formal and informal knowledge-transfer activities in the network is analyzed with a mixed research method. With social network analysis as a basis, we have explored the networks between academics and firms in the 16 regions of South Korea. The result shows Seoul and Gyunggi are identified as central nodes, meaning that the academics in other regions tend to collaborate with firms in these regions. An econometric analysis is performed to confirm the localization of knowledge-transfer activities. The intensity of formal channels measured by the number of academic papers is negatively, but significantly associated with the geographical proximity. However, we have not found any significant relationship between the formality of the channels and geographical proximity. Possibly, the regional innovation systems in South Korea are neither big enough nor strong enough to show a localization effect.

keywords
University-industry collaboration, formal and informal channels, geographical proximity, social network analysis, South Korea

Reference

1.

Agrawal, A. (2001) University-to-industry knowledge transfer: literature review and unanswered questions, International Journal of Management Reviews, 3(4), 285-302.

2.

Audretsch, D., Lehmann, E. and Warning, S. (2004) University spillovers: does the kind of science matter? Industry and Innovation, 11, 193-205.

3.

Balconi, M., Breschi, S., and Lissoni, F. (2004) Networks of inventors and the role of academia: an exploration of Italian patent data, Research Policy, 33(1), 127-145.

4.

Balconi, M. and Laboranti, A. (2006) University-industry interactions in applied research: the case of microelectronics, Research Policy, 35(10), 1616-1630.

5.

Blume, S. (1987) The Theoretical Significance of Co-operative Research, in Blume, S. et al. (eds.) The Social Direction of the Public Sciences, Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, Vol XI.

6.

Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. and Freeman, L.C. (2002) Ucinet for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis, Harvard: Analytic Technologies.

7.

Breschi, S. and Lissoni, F. (2009) Mobility of skilled workers and co-invention networks: an anatomy of localised knowledge flows, Journal of Economic Geography, 9, 439-468.

8.

Brodsky, N., Kaufman, H., and Tooker, J. (1980) University/industry cooperation: a preliminary analysis of existing mechanisms and their relationship to the innovation processes, New York, Center for Science and Technology Policy, Graduate School of Public Administration, New York University.

9.

Cohen,W.M., Nelson, R.R. and Walsh, J.P. (2002) Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R& D, Management Science, 48, 1-23.

10.

Dagnino, R. and Velho, L. (1998) University-industry-government relations on the periphery: the university of Campinas, Brazil, Minerva, 36, 229-251.

11.

De Campos, A. (2009) A review of the literature on university-industry links: towards an integrated approach in the study of influencing factors, Third Conference on Micro Evidence on Innovation in Developing Economies, Institute for Applied Economic Research, United Nations University and University of Maastricht (UNU-MERIT), Brasilia, Brazil, May 10-12, 2009.

12.

Eom, B. and Lee, K. (2010) Determinants of industry-academy linkages and, their impact on firm performance: the case of Korea as a latecomer in knowledge industrialization, Research Policy, 39, 625-639.

13.

Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C. and Terra, B.R.C. (2000) The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm, Research Policy, 29, 313-330.

14.

Friedman, J. and Silberman, J. (2003) University technology transfer: do incentives, management, and location matter? Journal of Technology Transfer, 28, 17-30.

15.

Freeman, L.C. (1979) Centrality in social networks: conceptual clarification, Soc. Networks, 215-39.

16.

Geuna, A. and Mowery, D. (2007) Publishing and patenting in U.S. and European universities, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 16 (2), 67-70.

17.

Goodwin, T.H. and Sauer, R.D. (2001) Life cycle productivity in academic research: evidence from cumulative publication histories of academic economists, Southern Economic Journal, 61(3), 728-743.

18.

Horta, H. (2008) On improving the university research base: the technical university of Lisbon case in perspective, Higher Education Policy, 21, 123-146.

19.

Horta, H. (2010) The role of the State in the internationalization of universities in catching-up countries: an analysis of the Portuguese higher education system, Higher Education Policy, 23, 63-81.

20.

Kamada, T. and Kawai, S. (1989) An algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs, Information Processing Letters, 31(1), 7-15.

21.

Jaffe, A. (1989) Real effects of academic research, American Economic Review, 79, 957-970.

22.

Jaffe, A., Trajtenberg, M. and Henderson, R. (1993) Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, 577-598.

23.

Jang, D. (2011) An analysis of age difference between 'research achievement outcome peak' and 'research fund support peak', International Journal of Policy Evaluation & Management, 21(2), 47-65. (in Korean)

24.

Levin, R.C., Klevorick, A., Nelson, R.R. and Winter, S. (1987) Appropriating the returns from industrial research and development, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3, 783-820.

25.

Lissoni, F. (2010) Academic inventors as brokers, Research Policy, 39, 843-857.

26.

Mansfield, E. and Lee, J.Y. (1996) The modern university: contributor to industrial innovation and recipient of industrial R&D support, Research Policy, 25, 1047-1058.

27.

Murray, F. and Graham, L. (2007) Buying science and selling science: gender differences in the market for commercial science, Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4), 657-689.

28.

Kastelle, T. and Steen, J. (2010) Using network analysis to understand, Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 12(1), 2-4.

29.

Kwon, K.S and Ben, R.M. (2012) Synergy or separation mode: the relationship between academic research and knowledge transfer activities of Korean academics, Scientometrics, 90, 177-200.

30.

Kwon, K.S. and Song, J. (2009) A study on the factors influencing university-industry channel, STEPI (Science and Technology Policy Institute). (in Korean)

31.

Kwon, K.S. and Han, S. (2010) Who is patenting in a catch-up country’s universities? the case of South Korea, The 7th Asialics Conference, Taiwan, 15-17 April, 2010.

32.

Kyvik, S. and Olsen, T.B. (2008) Does the aging of tenured academic staff affect the research performance of universities, Scientometrics, 76(3), 439-455.

33.

Oh, Y.J., Kwon, K.S. and Lee, K. (2009) Research performance of university professors in Korea: a weak point of the national innovation system in Korea? Conference on the University-Industry Linkages and Economic Performance, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 27th Feb.

34.

OECD (1999a) Trends in University-Industry Research Partnerships, STI Review No 23.

35.

OECD (1999b) Special Issue on Public/Private Partnerships in Science and Technology, STI Review No. 23.

36.

OECD (2002) Benchmarking Industry-Science Relationships, OECD.

37.

Rauber, M. and Ursprung, H.W. (2007) Life cycle and cohort productivity in economic research: the case of Germany, CESifo Working Paper No.2093.

38.

Rothaermel, F.T., Agung, S.D. and Jiang, L. (2007) University entrepreneurship: a taxonomy of the literature, Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4), 691-791.

39.

Seung, J. and Kim, W. (2010) Post catch-up innovation and development of creative talent in Korea: limitations and challenges, STI Policy Review, 1(3), 39-51.

40.

Shapiro, M., So, M.H. and Park, H.W. (2010) Quantifying the national innovation system: inter-regional collaboration networks in South Korea, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, A special issue on Triple Helix.

41.

Song, W. and Hwang, H.R. (2006) The technological innovation patterns of component suppliers in the post catching-up period: the case study of component suppliers in mobile phone industry, Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society, 9(3), 435-450. (in Korean)

42.

Stankiewicz, R. (1986) Academics and Entrepreneurs, London: Francis Pinter Publishers.

43.

Sutz, J. (2000) The university-industry-government relations in Latin America, Research Policy, 29, 279-290.

44.

Van Der Valk, T. and Gijsbers, G. (2010) The use of social network analysis in innovation studies: mapping actors and technologies, Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, 12(1), 5-17.

45.

Wasserman, S. and Faust, K. (1994) Social Network Analysis: Methods and applications, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy