- P-ISSN2287-1608
- E-ISSN2287-1616
- KCI
ISSN : 2287-1608
Evolution of High-Tech Start-Up Ecosystem Policy in India and China: A Comparative Perspective
Abstract
As the developed and developing economies make the transition to knowledge-based economies, the high-tech sector has been the primary engine in enabling this transformation. Given this context, the policy making and implementation abilities of the countries’ local administration assume significance. This study therefore attempts to examine the policy evolution undertaken by China and India which resulted in the emergence of high-tech startup ecosystems in these countries. Further, using a theoretical framework for an ideal entrepreneurial ecosystem, it tries to understand the similarities and differences prevalent currently in the Indian and Chinese high-tech startup ecosystem. The results of the study indicate that although both the countries took different paths, from a macro-perspective, they follow the same pattern as observed in the US and Israel policy making - that of the change in the role of Government as a regulator to that of an enabler of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The differences and similarities between the key entrepreneurial ecosystem components provide additional knowledge about the currently prevailing conditions of the ecosystem in these countries.
- keywords
- High-tech policy, entrepreneurial ecosystem, India, China
Reference
Arruda, C., Nogueria, V.S. and Costa, V. (2013) The Brazilian entrepreneurial eco-system of start-ups: an analysis of entrepreneurship determinants in Brazil as seen from the OECD pillars, Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 2(3), 17-57.
Audretsch, D. and Keilbach, M. (2004) Entrepreneurship capital and economic performance, Regional Studies, 38(8), 949-959.
Bala Subrahmanya, M.H. (2015) New generation start-ups in India: what lessons can we learn from the past?, Economic and Political Weekly, 50(12), 56-63.
Bala Subrahmanya, M.H. (2017) Comparing the entrepreneurial ecosystems for technology start-ups in Bangalore and Hyderabad, India, Technology Innovation Management Review, 10th Anniversary Issue, July, 7(7), 47-62.
Berman, E., Bound, J. and Machin, S. (1997) Implications of skill-biased technological change: international evidence, National Bureau of Economic Research, W6166.
Blank, S. (2013) China Startup Report: Blogs from my short trip to China and Japan, Accessed from www.startupgrind.com
Buxton, M.J. (1988) Managing new technology: economics research and practical decisions, Health Services Management Research, 1(1), 43-50.
Center for Economic Studies and Kauffman Foundation Report (2012) Cited by reuters online article, reported by Lucia Mutikani, Editing by Lisa Von Ahn, Accessible at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/02/us-usa-economy-businesses-idUSBRE84 113G20120502.
Choi, W., James, M., Joowan, K., Jay, L., Seeyon, O., Suho, K., Kukhwan, L. and Ted, A. (2015) The Virtuous Cycle: Putting South Korea’s Startup Ecosystem on a Path to Sustainable Long-term Growth, Telecommunication, Media and Services Reports, NY, USA: McKinsey Inc.
Cukier, D., Kon, F. and Lyons, T.S. (2016) Software start-up ecosystems evolution: the New York city case study, Proceedings of 2nd international workshop on software start-ups, Trondheim: IEEE International Technology Management Conference.
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India (2014) Http://www.dsir.gov.in/tpdup/tepp/tepp.htm, Technopreneur Promotion Programme Website.
Etzkowitz, H. (2003) Innovation in innovation: the triple helix of university-industry-government relations, Social Science Information, 42(3), 293-337.
Foster, G. and Shimizu, C. (2013) Entrepreneurial ecosystems around the globe and company growth dynamics, World Economic Forum.
Gilbert, B.A., Audretsch, D.B. and McDougall, P.P. (2004) The emergence of entrepreneurship policy, Small Business Economics, 22(3-4), 313-323.
Isenberg, D. (2011) The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: principles for cultivating entrepreneurship, Babson College, Babson Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Project.
Magesh, M., Vibhor, V and Premnath, V. (2009) Government funding for technology startups, DARE Magazine, 3(2), 26-27.
Ministry of MSMEs, Government of India (2013) Recommendations of the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Accelerating Manufacturing in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Sector, New Delhi: Government of India.
Nambiar, P. (2011) Indian software companies like Flipkart, Makemytrip, Inmobi inching close to $1 billion valuations, Economic Times, 9th November.
NASSCOM (2018) Https://community.nasscom.in.
OECD (2007) OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: China Synthesis Report, Paris, OECD Publishing.
OECD (2016) SME and entrepreneurship policy in Israel, Paris: OECD Publishing.
Romer, P.M. (1986) Increasing returns and long-run growth, Journal of Political Economy, 1002-1037.
Saxenian, A. (2002) Transnational communities and the evolution of global production networks: the cases of Taiwan, China and India, Industry and Innovation, 9, 183-202.
Scaramuzzi, E. (2002) Incubators in developing countries: status and development perspectives, Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (2015) Alternate capital raising platform, Http://www.sebi.gov.in/cms/sebi_data/attachdocs/1427713523817.pdf.
Solow, R.M. (1956) A contribution to the theory of economic growth, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 65-94.
Start-up Genome (2015) Start-up Ecosystem Report 2015, USA.
Start-up Genome (2018) Start-up Ecosystem Report 2018, USA.
Tang, M., Baskaran, A., Pancholi, J., and Lu, Y. (2013) Technology business incubators in China and India: a comparative analysis, Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 16(2), 33-58.
The German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (1999) Economic Report 99, Bonn: Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology.
VentureBeat (2017) Guest article, Https://venturebeat.com/2017/12/02/ top-10-startup -ecosystems-in-the-world-2017-china-rising/.
Wiklund J., Patzelt, H. and Shepherd, D.A. (2009) Building an integrative model of small business growth, Small Business Economics, 32, 351-374.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations