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- KOREAN
- P-ISSN3022-6805
- E-ISSN3022-6791
- KCI
ISSN : 3022-6805
Vol.11 No.2
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a class of conditions consisting of NSTEMI (non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction), STEMI (ST-elevated myocardial infarction), unstable angina, ranging from myocardial ischaemic states, as well as there is usually a mismatch with respect to both blood supply and blood demand marked by chest pain. Indian patients with ACS have a higher STEMI score than patients of established countries'. Since most of these patients were poor, they were less likely to receive adequate therapy and had a higher death rate of 30 days. In India, ACS patients appear to be young from low socioeconomic backgrounds and have higher ST-elevated MI rates than do patients of established countries'. In India, patients get late medical treatment and inadequate access to proven therapies. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, cigarette use and a family history of atherosclerotic disease are important risk factors attributed to ACS. Most of the general therapy for ACS focuses on reducing myocardial ischemia and pain suppression. Because of the time dependence of the condition, the onset of signs and arrival at the hospital for the treatment of ACS is very important. This time gap between the onset of symptoms and hospital appearance is larger in India relative to western countries. This paper will concentrate on ACS management and a brief on comparative study of various groups of drugs available with regard to clinical trials and guidelines, respectively.
Abstract
Background: ADRs (adverse drug reactions) are becoming a vital aspect of patient care and assessment. ADRs account for about 2% of all hospitalizations, according to the incidence rate. Medications with a narrow therapeutic index need ADR control rather than others. ADR research is required to determine the prevalence of ADRs in medical inpatients, estimate the impact of ADRs to hospital admissions, classify the types of ADRs found, identify possibly contributing risk factors, as well as estimate the costs of ADRs in terms of ADR-related excess stay in the hospital. For several years, theophylline has been used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Theophylline-related adverse events (ADRs) were found to be 4.71 percent of the time, with nausea, anorexia (loss of appetite), and palpitation being the most common. Objective: The main objective of the study was to study adverse drug reactions in pulmonary medicine department of a Tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Methodology: For an eight-month period, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the pulmonary medicine department of a Tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. ADRs that occurred in the ward were closely tracked, and the collected reports were analyzed for demographic profile, type of ADRs, ADR occurrence and drug causing ADR, severity assessment, and ADR management. Results: During the study period, 420 patients' records were obtained from the pulmonary medicine department of a Tertiary care hospital. ADRs were registered in 60 of the patients. The demographics of ADR patients were analyzed, and it was discovered that the prevalence of ADR was highest in the age group of 50-59 years (21 out of 60) and lowest in the age group of <=19 years. The therapeutic drug groups most often involved in ADRs were investigated. The most common culprits among the medications are first-line TB drugs, which account for 21(35%) ADRs, corticosteroids, which account for 9 (15%) ADRs and other drugs used for different indications, such as ipratropium, furosemide, tramadol, and so on, which account for 30 (50%) ADRs. Hepatitis, loss of appetite, nausea, and vertigo were the most widely recorded ADRs in this study. Conclusion: ADRs are more prevalent in the elderly, and first-line TB drugs are more often implicated. The majority of the reactions were moderate. As a result, early identification, assessment, and control of ADRs are critical for reducing patient harm and improving public health.
Abstract
Nazla-i-muzmin (Chronic rhinosinusitis) is one of the commonest diseases prevalent all around the world. In India one in eight Indian suffers from this ailment. The current medical management and surgical intervention do not provide complete cure as a result there is a need to search a better alternative drug. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a Unani formulation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. This study was designed as a randomised, controlled, parallel group and open label clinical study. It was carried out in 60 participants (30 participants in each group) of chronic rhinosinusitis aged between 18-65 years of either sex. The participants were enrolled based on the symptoms rhinorrhoea, sneezing, facial pain, nasal blockage, post nasal drip and thick nasal discharge. The participants of the test group was treated with a Unani formulation (9 gm) whereas Levocetrizine (10mg) was given to the participants of the control group once at night. In this study the average age of the participants was 30.36 (±10.20) years and 32.63 (±10.97) years in the control and test groups respectively with an average chronicity of 31.26 (± 43.46) months in the control group and 23.86 ± 39.4 months in the test group. The Unani formulation was found effective in reducing rhinorrhoea, sneezing, facial pain, nasal obstruction, post nasal discharge and thick nasal discharge. The snot score at post treatment comparing to the baseline was reduced to 2.1 and 2.0 in the test and control groups respectively. The Unani formulation improved the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis in the test group due to the possible action of the ingredients having, deobstruent, anti-inflammatory, concoctive, analgesic, expectorants and antimicrobial activities. It was concluded that the outcome of the study showed the successful management of chronic rhino-sinusitis. The formulation was well tolerated and showed no adverse effect.
Abstract
Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Mundi) belongs to the family Compositae, Indian aromatic weed. Since the ancient time, its whole plant and flowers have great medicinal value. It is used for medicinal purpose in Unani and other traditional medicines as a blood purifier, aphrodisiac, eye tonic, tonic for vital organs, and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, useful for neurological, eyes, cardiac, gastrointestinal, integument and urogenital disorders. This article intent to highlight the Unani ethnomedicinal properties and therapeutic uses, other traditional medicinal properties, to signify its potential in the treatment of various ailments as mentioned in Unani medicine and likewise to survey its phytoconstituents, pharmacological and clinical studies. Thisplant details were explored in classical Unani texts for its ethnobotanical Unani description, temperament (Mizaj), medicinal properties and therapeutic uses. Further, for phytochemicals and pharmacological/clinical studies information various scientific search engines such as PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid, Springer, Medline, Research Gate and Google Scholar were browsed. All relevant articles up to 2020 were referred including 24 Classical Unani and Medicinal plant books, 60 research and review papers. Mundi has been used in Unani and other traditional medicine for ages and used in the aforementioned ailments. The organic phytoconstituents include alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, resins, flavonoids, steroids, proteins volatile oils, sterol and terpenoid. In-vitro or in- Vivo studies have proven pharmacological activities of S. indicus such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, immunomodulatory, anti-ulcer, anti-pyretic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antiageing and anti-cancerHence, the aforesaid ethnomedicinal and therapeutic uses, pharmacological and clinical research studies rationalize the potential benefits of S. indicus mentioned in the classical Unani literature. However, future randomized clinical trials are proposed to approve its efficacy and safety for various ailments.
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease clinically characterized by erythematous, sharply demarcated papules and rounded plaques covered by silvery white micaceous scales. It affects about 1-3% of the world’s population. Although considerable advances have been made in the management of psoriasis in recent years, the disease remains incurable. Current treatment does not affect disease activity, and relapse occurs quickly after cessation of treatment. Moreover, topical and systemic conventional therapies used in the management of psoriasis are associated with adverse effects. In Unani system of medicine, psoriasis is known as Taqashshur al-Jild, which is caused by predominance of black bile and characterised by scaling of skin. Various topical as well as systemic Unani formulations are effectively used in the management of psoriasis. This case study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Unani formulations, Itrīfal Shāhtra and Marham Ḥinā in the management of psoriasis. A 49-year-old male patient presenting with psoriasis came to the OPD of National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad. Treatment was given to the patient for a period of 12 weeks. PASI score was significantly reduced from 40.5 at baseline to 2.2 after treatment. Unani formulations were found safe and effective in the management of Psoriasis as assessed by validated scales.