- 권한신청
- P-ISSN1738-3110
- E-ISSN2093-7717
- SCOPUS
International Comparison between Korea and Other Countries, in Terms of Retail Regulations
International Comparison between Korea and Other Countries, in Terms of Retail Regulations
Kwak, Young-Arm (Department of Global Trade Management, Shinhan University)
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
Abstract
Purpose - This research is to provide new insights for policy makers in Korea, comparing South Korea and foreign countries such as Japan, UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Spain and the forth, in terms of the effects of retail regulations on a retail trade industry. Research design, data, and methodology - After introduction, the research begins with literature review on the background why advanced countries have introduced retail legislations, then, will present their effects. The fourth section will compare the South Korea with the above foreign countries. Finally, the authors will draw conclusions and mention not only research limitations but also future research directions. Results - Based on the previous research, the authors compared Korea and advanced countries, in terms of how retail regulations influence retail employment, retail productivity, retail price, and the protection of independent retailers. The authors found that industrialized countries have made a significant effort to protect small shops for social stability with many different regulations and/or budget. With regard to results, however, the degree of its achievement is lower than expected. Conclusions - In order to protect small- and medium-sized retailers efficiently and effectively, policy makers need to develop better sophisticated retail regulations than those of advanced countries.
- keywords
- Retail Regulations, Effect Analysis, Retail Policy, Comparative Study, Effect Measurement
참고문헌
Abe, Z. (2001). Large-scale Retail Stores and the building of city-centre. Kyoto, Japan: Gakugei Publishing.
Allain, M. L., & Chambolle, C. (2005). Loss leaders banning law as vertical restraints, Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization, 3(1), 1-23.
Asensio, J. (2012). Regional retail regulation and supermarket entry in Spain. The 9th INRA–IDEI Conference:Industrial Organization and the Food Processing Industry, Toulouse, France.
Asplund, M., & Friberg, R. (2002). Food prices and market structure in Sweden, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 104(4), 547-566.
Baily, M. N. (1993). Competition, Regulation and Efficiency in Service Industries. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Microeconomics, 1993(2), 71-159.
Baily, M. N., & Solow, R. M. (2001). International Productivity Comparisons Built from the Firm Level. Journal of Economics Perspectives, 15(3), 151-172.
Baron, S., Harris, K., Leaver, D., & Oldfield, B. M. (2001). Beyond convenience: the future for independent food and grocery retailers in the UK. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 11(4), 395-414.
Basu, S., Fernald, J. G., Oulton, N., & Srinivasan, S. (2003). The case of the missing productivity growth, or does information technology explain why productivity accelerated in the United States but not in the United Kingdom? NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 18(1), 9-71.
Bertrand, M., & Kramarz, F. (2002). Does entry regulation hinder job creation? Evidence from the French retail industry, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4), 1369-1413.
Biscourp, P., Boutin, X., & Verge, T. (2013). The Effects of Retail Regulations on Prices: Evidence from the Loi Galland, The Economic Journal, 123(573), 1279-1312.
Bliss, C. (1988). A Theory of retail pricing. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 36(4), 375-391.
Burt, S. L., & Sparks, L. (1997). Performance in food retailing; A Cross-national consideration and comparison of retail margins, British Journal of Management, 8(2), 119-136.
Cadete, E. M., & Oda, D. (2013). Competition – Portugal, Retrieved from http://www.internationallawoffice.com/newsletters/detail.aspx?r=27548
Cheshire, P., Hilber, C. A. L., & Kaplanis, I. (2011). Evaluating the effects of planning policies on the retail sector: Or do town centre first policies deliver the goods?. SERC Discussion Paper No. 66, London School of Economics, January.
Cho, Y. S. (2014). Retailing and Public Policy; A comparative study of South Korea and foreign countries. Journal of Distribution Science, 12(7), 77-88.
Cho, Y. S., Chung, L. C., & Park, J. H. (2014). Do retail regulations protect traditional markets as well as independent stores in Korea? Journal of Distribution Science, 12(9), 5-13.
Ciarreta, A., Espinosa, M. P., & Martínez-Granado, M. (2009). Entry regulation in the Spanish retail sector: Effects on employment. Jornadas de Economía Industrial, Vigo, Spain.
Clarke, I., & Hallsworth, A. G. (2001). Further reflections on the arrival of WalMart in the UK, Environment and Planning A, 33(10), 1709-1716.
Coca-Stefaniak, A., Hallsworth, A. G., Parker, C., Bainbridge, S., & Yuste, R. (2005). Decline in the British small shop independent retail sector: exploring European parallels. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 12(5), 357-371.
Colla, E. (2003), Retailing in the European Union: Structure, Competition, and Performance. France: Taylor and Francis.
Collins, A., & Oustapassidis, K. (1997). Below Cost Legislation and Retail Performance. Agribusiness Discussion Paper No. 15. April.
Collins, A., Burt, S., & Oustapassidis, K. (2001). Below-cost legislation and retail conduct: evidence from the Republic of Ireland. British Food Journal, 103(9), 607-622.
Competition Commission. (2000). Supermarket: a Report on the Supply of Grocery from Multiple Stores in the United Kingdom, London, UK.
Cotterill, R. W. (1986). Market power in the retail food industry: Evidence from Vermont. Review of Economics and Statistics, 68(3), 379-386.
Davies, R. L. (1995). “Preface” in: Davies, R. L. (ed.). (1995), Retail Planning Polices in Western Europe. London, UK: Routledge.
Dawson, J. A. (1995). Retail change in the European Community in: R. L. Davies (ed.). (1995), Retail Planning Polices in Western Europe, London, UK:Routledge.
Dawson, J. A. (2007). Output considerations in retail productivity, The International Review of Retail. Distribution and Consumer Research, 15(3), 337-349.
Dawson, J. A., & Kirby, D. A. (1979). Small Scale Retailing in the UK. Farnborough, UK: Saxon House.
Denning, B. P., & Lary, R. M. (2005). Retail Store size-Capping Ordinances and the Dormant Commerce Clause Doctrine. The Urban Lawyer, 37(4), 907-955.
Dholakia, N., & Dholakia, R. R. (1978). A comparative view of public policy towards distribution. European Journal of Marketing, 12(8), 541-553.
EC (1993). Growth, Competition, Employment: The Challenges and the Ways Forward into the 21st Century. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.
Foster, L., Haltiwanger, J., & Krizan, C. J. (2002). The link between aggregate and micro productivity growth:evidence from retail trade. NBER Working Paper No. 1920.
Gordon, D., & Walton, J. (2000). Convenience Retailing 2000: The Market Review. Letchmore Heath: IGD Business Publication.
Gordon, D., & Wilson, S. (1999). Convenience Tracking Programme: Market Review 1999. Letchmore Heath, UK: IGD business Publication.
Gradus, R. (1996). The Economic Effects of Extending Shop Opening Hours. Journal of Economics, 64(3), 247-263.
Griffith, R., & Harmgart, H. (2005). Retail Productivity, The International Review of Retail. Distribution and Consumer Research, 15(3), 281-290.
Guy, C., & Bennison, D. (2002). Retail planning policy, superstore development and retailer competition. The International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 30(9), 431-434.
Haskel, J., Jarmin, K., Motohashi, & Sadun, R. (2007). Retail Market Structure and Dynamics: A Three Country Comparison of Japan. the UK and the US, unpublished paper, LSE.
Haskel, J., & Sadun, R. (2012). Regulation and UK Retailing Productivity: Evidence from Micro-data. Economica, 79(315), 425-448.
Hollander, S. C., & Boddewyn, J. J. (1974). Retailing and public policy: an international overview. Journal of retailing, 50(1), 55-66.
Jacoby, J., Olson, J., & Haddock, R. (1971). Price, Brand Name, and Product Composition Characteristics as Determinations of Perceived Quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(6), 570-579.
Jung, J. U., & Choi, U. J. (2013). The effects of retail regulations for large retailers. Working paper, Economics Conference.
Katou, Y. (2012). The review of retail policy, The Retail Journal of Kansai University, 57(1), 85-114.
Kenzi, D., & Masamori, K. (1997). Retailing theory and retail policy. Tokyo, Japan: Mineruva Syobou Publishing.
KERI (2014). Regulatory Reform Issue 4, Seoul, Korea:KERI.
Kim, D. W. (2007). The analysis of retail productivity between OECD countries and implications. Working paper, Korean Distribution Conference, Fall.
Kim, S. K. (2015). The analysis of retailing and implications:A comparative study of Korea and Japan. Korean Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade, Issue Paper 2015-389.
Kotani, M., & Deie, K. (1997). Retail theory and retail policy, Tokyo, Japan: Mineruba Syobou Publishing.
KPC (2015). International comparison of labour productivity, KPC.
Loayza, N., Oviedo, A., & Seven, L. (2004). Regulation and Macroeconomic Performance. World Bank Policy Research Paper No. 3469.
Manser, M. E. (2005). Productivity measures for retail trade:Data and issues. Monthly Labor Review, 128(7), 30-38.
Marsden, T., Flynn, A., & Harrison, M. (1997). Retailing, Regulation, and Food Consumption: The Public Interest in a Privatized World?. Agribusiness, 13(2), 211-226.
Mesic, I. (2015). Concentration of the retail trade, 15th international scientific conference Business Logistics in Modern Management, Croatia.
Minakata, T. (2001). The evolution of retail policy and the development of retail format. Journal of Japan Academy for Consumption Economy, l23, 121-129.
Mineo, M. (2008). Government Regulations on the Large Scale Retail Stores and the Evaluative Frameworks. Business Journal, 71(1), 107-124.
Newmark, C. M. (1990). A new test of the priceconcentration relationship in grocery retailing. Economics Letters, 33(4), 369-373.
No, J. P. (2003). A Study on Comparison of Distribution Regulation: Around the OECD Countries. Regulation Research, 12(2), 107-130.
Nogata, H. (1998). Regulations and deregulations in the retail industry: case of Large-scale Retail Store Law. Economic studies of Shizuoka University, 3(3), 137-155.
OECD (1994). The Jobs Study: Fails, Analysis, Strategies. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Orea, L. (2010). The effect of legal barriers to entry in the Spanish retail market: A local market approach. Journal of Public Economics, 193(2), 49-74.
Peterson, M., & Ennew, M. J. (2000). Survivors of ‘W-day’:an assessment of the impact of Wal-Mart’s invasion of small town retailing communities. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 28(4/5), 170-180.
Pilat, D. (1997). Regulation and Performance in the Distribution Sector, OECD. Economics Department working papers No. 180. OECD, Paris.
Pita, B. P., Britoy, D., & Lucena, D. (2003). Mergers in the food retailing sector: An empirical investigation. November, Unpublished research paper.
Planet Retail Ltd. (2006). Retrieved from: www.planetretail.net
Restrictive Practices (Groceries) Order 1987 (2011). A Review and Report of Public Consultation Process, Retrieved from: http://www.enterprise.gov.ie/en/
Reynolds, J., Howard, E., Dragun, D., Rosewell, B., & Ormerod, P. (2005). Assessing the productivity of the UK retail sector, The International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 15(3), 237-280.
Riethmuller, P. (1996). Reform of the Japanese Food Distribution System: Implications for Consumers. Journal of Consumer Policy, 19(1), 69-82.
Sadun, R. (2008). Does Planning Regulation Protect Independent Retailers?. Centre for Economic Performance Working Paper No. 888, August.
Schivardi, F., & Viviano, E. (2007). Entry Barriers in Italian Retail Trade. Bank of Italy Economic Research Paper No. 616.
Senftleben-Konig, C. (2014). Product market deregulation and employment outcomes: Evidence from the German Retail sector. SFB 649 Discussion Paper 2014-013.
Shin, S. H. (2009). Problems in Legislative Reasoning on Regulation of Super-Super Markets (pp.21-64), Seoul, Korea: KERI.
Shirota, Y. (2007). A Study on Department store Law Enactment. Journal of Nagoya Bunri University, 7, 71-78.
Smith, H. (2004). Supermarket choice and supermarket competition in market equilibrium. Review of Economics Studies, 71, 235-263.
Stokes, R. C. (1973). Unit Pricing, Differential Brand Density, and Consumer Perception. Washington D.C, USA:Consumer Research Institute.
Tanguay, G. A., Vallee, L., & Lanoie, P. (1995). Shopping hours and price levels in the retailing industry: A theoretical and empirical analysis. Economic Inquiry, 33(3), 516-524.
Turik, A. R. (1984). Labour Productivity, Economies of Scale and Opening Time in Large Retail Establishments. The Service Industries Journal, 4(1), 19-29.
Viviano, E. (2008). Entry regulations and labour market outcomes: Evidence from the Italian retail trade sector. Labour Economics, 15(6), 1200-1222.
Wenzel, T. (2010). Liberalization of opening hours with free entry. German Economic Review, 11(4), 511-526.
Wood, S., Lowe, M., & Wrigley, N. (2006). Life after PPG6– Recent UK Food Retailer Responses to Planning Regulation Tightening. International Review of Retail. Distribution and Consumer Research, 16(1), 23-41.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수