- Log In/Sign Up
- P-ISSN1738-3110
- E-ISSN2093-7717
- SCOPUS, ESCI
ISSN : 1738-3110
The Effects of Female Service Managers' Self-determined Motivations on Job Performance
Hur, Won-Moo
Kim, Minsung
Abstract
Purpose - Our primary goal of this study is to investigate the positive relationship between female managers' self-determined motivations (i.e., RAI: relative autonomy index) and job performances with the mediation of their job creativity in service industries. This study also examines the moderating role of creative efficacy on the relationship between female managers' self-determined motivations and creativities. Finally, based on mediation and moderation hypotheses, we also tested moderating effect of creative efficacy on the mediation effect of job creativity. Research design, data, and methodology - Drawing on SDT(Self-determination theory) and COR(conservation of resources) theories, we developed three research hypotheses. Service female managers from a several service organizations(i.e. banking, retailing, and restaurant/hospitality service) in South Korea were surveyed using self-administered instrument for data collection. A total of 331 usable questionnaires were obtained after list-wise deletion. To test reliability and validity of measurement model, we employed the CFA(confirmatory factor analysis) using M-plus 8.1 Software. Also, internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's α. We, furthermore, used the SPSS PROCESS MACRO 2.16, which was suggested by Hayes (2013; 2015), to test mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation. Results - Our results revealed that self-determined motivation and job performance were positively and fully mediated by job creativity. Furthermore, the positive relationship between female managers' self-determined motivations and job creativities was stronger when their creative self-efficacies were high than when it was low. In addition, female managers' creative self-efficacies also amplified the positive relationship between their self-determined motivations and job performances with the mediation of job creativity. Conclusions - Our research empirically elaborated the previous model of self-determined motivation and manager/female creativity literature by presenting the findings that female managers' self-determined motivations significantly influence their job performances via job creativity and that creative self-efficacy effectively strengthen these positive impacts. Also, our research offered new insight for practitioners (i.e. top service managers) by suggesting that they may enhance female service managers' job performance if they pay more attention to employee creativity in service marketing.
- keywords
- Self-determined Motivation, Job Creativity, Job Performance, Creative Self-Efficacy, Relative Autonomy Index
Reference
Aguilera, R. V., Rupp, D. E., Williams, C. A., & Ganapathi, J. (2007). Putting the S Back in Corporate Social Responsibility: A Multilevel Theory of Social Change in Organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 836-863.
Ahmed, U., Majid, A. H., & Zin, M. M. (2016). Moderation of meaningful work on the relationship of supervisor support and coworker support with work engagement. The East Asian Journal of Business Management, 6(3), 15-20.
Aiken, L., & West, S. (1991). Multiple Regression: Testing and interpreting interactions, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. Boulder, CO:Westview Press.
Ashby, F. G., Isen, A. M., & Turken, A. U. (1999). A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review, 106(3), 529-550.
Babin, B. J., & Boles, J. S. (1998). Employee behavior in a service environment: A model and test of potential differences between men and women. Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 77-91.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman.
Bargh, J. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2010). Motivation. In S. Fiske, D. T. Gillbert, & G. Lindzay (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology(pp. 268-316). New York, NY: Wiley.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonnet, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
Bigoness, W. J. (1988). Sex differences in job attribute preferences. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9(2), 139-147.
Bitner, M. J., Bernard, H. B., & Tetreault, M. S. (1990). The service encounter: Diagnosing favorable and unfavorable incidents. Journal of Marketing, 54(1), 71-84.
Bowen, C. C., Swim, J. K., & Jacobs, R. R. (2000). Evaluating gender biases on actual job performance of real people: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(10), 2194-2215.
Bower, G. H., & Forgas, J. P. (2001). Mood and social memory, In J. P. Forgas (Eds.), Handbook of affect and social cognition(pp.95-120). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Brief, A. P., & Oliver, R. L. (1976). Male-female differences in work attitudes among retail sales managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(4), 526-528.
Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (2001). Validation of a new general self-efficacy scale. Organizational Research Methods, 4(1), 62-83.
Coelho F., & Augusto, M. (2010). Job characteristics and the creativity of frontline service employees. Journal of Service Research, 13(4), 426-438.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self determination in human behavior. New York, NY:Plenum.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why"of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life's domains. Canadian Psychology, 49(1), 14-23.
De Dreu, C. K., Nijstad, B. A., & van Knippenberg, D. (2008). Motivated information processing in group judgment and decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(1), 22-49.
Dewett, T. (2007). Linking intrinsic motivation, risk taking, and employee creativity in an R&D environment. R&D Management, 37(3), 197-208.
Dong, Y., Chuang, A., Liao, H., & Zhou, J. (2015). Fostering employee service creativity: Joint effects of customer empowering behaviors and supervisory empowering leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(5), 1364-1380.
Ford, C. M., & Gioia, D. A. (2000). Factors influencing creativity in the domain of managerial decision making. Journal of Management, 26(4), 705-732.
Forgionne, G. A., & Peeters, V. E. (1982). Differences in job motivation and satisfaction among female and male managers. Human Relations, 35(2), 101-118.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388.
Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362.
Gagné, M., Forest, J., Gilbert, M. H., Aubé, C., Morin, E., & Malorni, A. (2010). The Motivation at Work Scale:Validation evidence in two languages. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(4), 628-646.
Gilson, L. L., Mathieu, J. E., Shalley, C. E., & Ruddy, T. M. (2005). Creativity and standardization: Complementary or conflicting drivers of team effectiveness?. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 521-531.
Grewal, D., Motyka, S., & Levy, M. (2018). The evolution and future of retailing and retailing education. Journal of Marketing Education, 40(1), 85-93.
Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Autonomy in children's learning: An experimental and individual difference investigation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 890-898.
Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2009). Integrating the theory of planned behaviour and self-determination theory in health behaviour: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Health Psychology, 14(2), 275-302.
Han, K. M., Shin, C., Yoon, H. K., Ko, Y. H., Kim, Y. K., & Han, C. (2018). Emotional labor and depressive mood in service and sales workers: Interactions with gender and job autonomy. Psychiatry Research, 267(9), 490-498.
Hays, R. D., Hayashi, T., & Stewart, A. L. (1989). A five-item measure of socially desirable response set. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 49(3), 629-636.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based Approach, New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Hayes, A. F. (2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50(1), 1-22.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Thousand oaks, CA: Sage publications.
Hoobler, J. M., Masterson, C. R., Nkomo, S. M., & Michel, E. J. (2018). The business case for women leaders: Meta-analysis, research critique, and path forward. Journal of Management, 44(6), 2473-2499.
Howells, J. (2004). Innovation, consumption and services:Encapsulation and the combination role of services. Service Industries Journal, 24(1), 19-36.
Hur, W. M., Moon, T. W., & Rhee, S. Y. (2016). Exploring the relationships between compassion at work, the evaluative perspective of positive work-related identity, service employee creativity, and job performance. Journal of Services Marketing, 30(1), 103-114.
Hwang, S. Y., & Jung, H. J. (2018). The interactive effects of motivation and contingent rewards on employee creativity. The International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 9(7), 71-82.
Iacobucci, D., & Ostrom, A. (1993). Gender differences in the impact of core and relational aspects of services on the evaluation of service encounters. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2(3), 257-286.
Jadhav, V., Seetharaman, A., & Rai, S. (2017). Employee expectation to demonstrate innovative work behavior in Asia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 4(1), 67-78.
Kahn, B. E. (2018). The shopping revolution: How successful retailers win customers in an era of endless disruption. Philadelphia, PA: Wharton Digital Press.
Kang, S. H., & Hur, W. M. (2018). Bridging service employee’s intrinsic motivation and job performance: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Distribution Science, 16(5), 71-81.
Moon, T. W., Hur, W. M., & Hyun, S. S. (2017). How Se rvice Employees’ Work Motivations Lead to Job Perfor mance: the Role of Service Employees’ Job Creativity and Customer Orientation. Current Psychology, 1-16. D OI: doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9630-8.
Moran, C. M., Diefendorff, J. M., Kim, T. Y., & Liu, Z. Q. (2012). A profile approach to self-determination theory motivations at work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(3), 354-363.
Nunnally, J. C., & Berstein, I. H. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Pinar, M., McCuddy, M. K., Birkan, I., & Kozak, M. (2011). Gender diversity in the hospitality industry: an empirical study in Turkey. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(1), 73-81.
Pinder, C. C. (1998). Work motivation in organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 539-569.
Polman, E., & Emich, K. J. (2011). Decisions for others are more creative than decisions for the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(4), 492-501.
Shah, J. Y., & Gardner, W. L. (2008). Handbook of motivation science. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1998). Not all personal goals are personal: Comparing autonomous and controlled reasons for goals as predictors of effort and attainment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(5), 546-557.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experime ntal and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445.
Stajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (1998). Self-efficacy and w ork-related performance: A meta analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 240-261.
Statistics Korea (2017). Regional Employment Research the first half of 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2018 fro m http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/1/index.board?bmode=read&bSeq=&aSeq=362548&pageNo=1&rowNum=10&navCount=10&currPg=&sTarget=title&sTxt
Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. (2002). Creative self-efficacy: Its potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1137-1148.
Valentine, S., Godkin, L., Fleishman, G. M., & Kidwell, R. (2011). Corporate ethical values, group creativity, job satisfaction and turnover intention: The impact of work context on work response. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(3), 353-372.
Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Koestner, R. (2008). Reflections on self-determination theory. Canadian Psychology, 49(3), 257-262.
Vaz, A., Pratley, P., & Alkire, S. (2016). Measuring women’s autonomy in Chad using the relative autonomy index. Feminist Economics, 22(1), 264-294.
Wang, G., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2004). Salesperson creative performance: Conceptualization, measurement, and nomological validity. Journal of Business Research, 57(8), 805-812.
Watson, A. W., Taheri, B., Glasgow, S., & O’Gorman, K. D. (2018). Branded restaurants employees’ personal motivation, flow and commitment: The role of age, gender and length of service. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1845-1862.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617.
Yang, H. C., Cho, H. Y., & Lee, W. D. (2015). Multi-dimensional emotional intelligence effects on intrinsic/extrinsic motivation and job satisfaction:Analysis using laborer perceived organizational support. The East Asian Journal of Business Management, 5(4), 13-18.
Zeng, L., Proctor, R. W., & Salvendy, G. (2009). Fostering creativity in service development: Facilitating service innovation by the creative cognitive approach. Service Science, 1(3), 142-153.
Zhou, M. (2015). Moderating effect of self-determination in the relationship between Big Five personality and academic performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 86(11), 385-389.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations