Purpose: Research and development of human capital in countries bring sustainable development to the nations. Especially for developing countries, the attraction of foreign direct investment not only brings economic growth to the country but also contributes to improving human capital. This study aims to assess the impact of foreign direct investment on human capital in ASEAN countries. Research design, data and methodology: With data collected from ASEAN countries from 1990 to 2019, panel data analysis is performed with revised model types (the Pooled OLS, Fixed effect model, Random effect model and regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors). Result: The results of the regression analysis show that FDI has a positive impact on human capital. At the same time, the study also found that public investment in education also positively affects human capital; the life expectancy factor does not affect human capital. Conclusions: With this research result, the authors also proposed a number of solutions to improve human capital by attracting FDI and improving the efficiency of investment for the education of ASEAN countries. Besides, public expenditure on education also plays an important role in raising human capital. Therefore, investment in education should be promoted further in the future.
Abbas, S., & Mosallamy, D. E. (2016). Determinants of FDI flows to developing countries: An empirical study on the MENA region. Journal of Finance and Economics, 4(1), 30–38. http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfe/4/1/4
Alfaro, L. (2003). Foreign direct investment and growth: does the sector matter? Harvard Business School, 20(3), 1–31.
Almfraji, M. A., & Almsafir, M. K. (2014). Foreign direct investment and economic growth literature review from 1994 to 2012. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129(2), 206–213.
Azam, M., Khan, S., Zainal, Z. B., Karuppiah, N., & Khan, F.(2015). Foreign direct investment and human capital:Evidence from developing countries. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 12(3), 155–162.http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/imfi_2015_12_3%28contin.%29__7
Bartlett, K. R., Lawler, J. J., Bae, J., Chen, S., & Wan, D. (2002). Differences in international human resource development among indigenous firms and multinational affiliates in East and Southeast Asia. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 13(4), 383–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1040
Basu, B., & Yao, J. (2009). Foreign direct investment and skill formation in China. International Economic Journal, 23(2), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168730902901106
Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J., & Lee, J.-W. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?. Journal of International Economics, 45(1), 115–135.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00033-0
Branstetter, L. (2006). Is foreign direct investment a channel of knowledge spillovers? Evidence from Japan’s FDI in the United States. Journal of International Economics, 68(2), 325–344.
de Mello, L. R. (1999). Foreign direct investment-led growth:Evidence from time series and panel data. Oxford Economic Papers, 51(1), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/51.1.133
Debrah, Y. A., McGovern, I., & Budhwar, P. (2000). Complementarity or competition: The development of human resources in a South-East Asian Growth Triangle: Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(2), 314–335.https://doi.org/10.1080/095851900339891
Fowowe, B., & Shuaibu, M. I. (2014). Is foreign direct investment good for the poor? New evidence from African countries. Economic Change and Restructuring, 47(4), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-014-9152-4
Gittens, D., & Pilgrim, S. (2013). Foreign direct investment and human capital: A dynamic paradox for developing countries. Journal of Finance, Accounting and Management, 4(2), 26-49.
Görg, H., & Greenaway, D. (2004). Much ado about nothing? Do domestic firms really benefit from foreign direct investment? The World Bank Research Observer, 19(2), 171–197. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkh019
Ho, T. N., Bui, A. T., Nguyen, V. D., Dao, T. K., & Nguyen, N. D.(2020). Analyzing the impact of FDI and urbanization on CO2 emission in Vietnam. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 12(1), 1–19.
Hoang, H., & Bui, D. (2015). Determinants of foreign direct investment in ASEAN: A panel approach. Management Science Letters, 5(2), 213–222.
Khalifah, N. A., & Adam, R. (2009). Productivity spillovers from FDI in Malaysian manufacturing: Evidence from micro-panel data. Asian Economic Journal, 23(2), 143–167.
Kheng, V., Sun, S., & Anwar, S. (2017). Foreign direct investment and human capital in developing countries: A panel data approach. Economic Change and Restructuring, 50(4), 341–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-016-9191-0
Machin, S., & Vignoles, A. (2004). Educational inequality: The widening socio-economic gap. Fiscal Studies, 25(2), 107–128.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2004.tb00099.x
Majeed, M. T., & Ahmad, E. (2008). Human capital development and FDI in developing countries. Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 29(3), 79-104.https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/57514
Nafukho, F. M., Hairston, N., & Brooks, K. (2004). Human capital theory: Implications for human resource development. Human Resource Development International, 7(4), 545–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367886042000299843
Ozawa, T. (1992). Foreign direct investment and economic development. Transnational Corporations, 1(1), 27-54.
Spencer, J. W. (2008). The Impact of Multinational Enterprise Strategy on Indigenous Enterprises: Horizontal Spillovers and Crowding Out in Developing Countries. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 341–361.https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.31193230
Vinh, N. T. (2019). The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Human Capital on Labour Productivity in Vietnam. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 11(5),97-102. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n5p97
Yildirim, D. C., & Tosuner, O. (2014). The effects of FDI on human capital stock in Central Asian Turkic Republics. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 7(14), 51–60.
Yussof, I., & Ismail, R. (2002). Human resource competitiveness and inflow of foreign direct investment to the ASEAN region. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 9(1), 89–107. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25825313
Zhang, K. H. (2001). Does foreign direct investment promote economic growth? Evidence from East Asia and Latin America. Contemporary Economic Policy, 19(2), 175–185.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2001.tb00059.x
Zula, K. J., & Chermack, T. J. (2007). Integrative Literature Review: Human Capital Planning: A Review of Literature and Implications for Human Resource Development. Human Resource Development Review, 6(3), 245–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484307303762