ISSN : 1738-3110
Purpose: Traditional charity retail needs to change its communication in the online environment. This article examines the effectiveness of communication by online charity organizations in terms of the type of messages being delivered. Research design, data and methodology: Study 1 based on a sample of 120 Korean adults, we investigated whether charity asking messages for domestic people, compared to those for foreign people, prompt more favorable evaluations when framed with low (vs. high) construal levels. In Study 2, with 120 Korean adults sample, we tested whether emotional message appeals prompt a more favorable response than rational messages when framed in a socially close. Results: According to the result of Study 1, for the domestic recipients, donation messages situated in the near, compared to the distant, future induced more favorable reactions from potential donors. Moreover, in Study 2, emotional (vs. rational) message appeals generated more positive donation intentions when they were framed in the socially close situation. Conclusions: This research contributes that differing consumer construal have important implications for how marketing communication might best gain charitable support. This suggests that marketers who design a donation message should consider message's appeal and type to activate the potential donors' willingness to participate in the campaign.
Chandran, S., & Menon, G. (2004). When a day means more than a year: Effects of temporal framing on judgments of health risk. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 375-389.
Choi, J., Rangan, P., & Singh, S. N. (2016). Do cold images cause cold-heartedness? The impact of visual stimuli on the effectiveness of negative emotional charity appeals. Journal of Advertising, 45(4), 417-426.
Choi, S. Y., Park, H. S., & Oh, J. Y. (2012). Temporal distance and blood donation intention. Journal of Health Psychology, 17(4), 590-599.
Diamond, W. D. & Gooding‐Williams, S. (2002). Using advertising constructs and methods to understand direct mail fundraising appeals. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 12(3), 225-242.
Ein‐Gar, D., & Levontin, L. (2013). Giving from a distance:Putting the charitable organization at the center of the donation appeal. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 23(2), 197-211.
Erb, H. P., Bohner, G., Rank, S., & Einwiller, S. (2002). Processing minority and majority communications: The role of conflict with prior attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(9), 1172-1182.
Fajardo, T. M., Townsend, C., & Bolander, W. (2018). Toward an optimal donation solicitation: Evidence from the field of the differential influence of donor-related and organizationrelated information on donation choice and amount. Journal of Marketing, 82(2), 142-152.
Fujita, K., Eyal, T., Chaiken, S., Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2008). Influencing attitudes toward near and distant objects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(3), 562-572.
Giacomantonio, M., De Dreu, C. K., Shalvi, S., Sligte, D., & Leder, S. (2010). Psychological distance boosts valuebehavior correspondence in ultimatum bargaining and integrative negotiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(5), 824-829.
Hong, J., & Lee, A. Y. (2010). Feeling mixed but not torn: The moderating role of construal level in mixed emotions appeals. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(3), 456-472.
Jenq, C., Pan, J., & Theseira, W. (2015). Beauty, weight, and skin color in charitable giving. Journal of Economic Behavior &Organization. 119, 234-253.
Kim, Y. (2016). Cultural orientation affects consumer responses to charity advertising. Social Behavior and Personality, 44(7), 1079-1088.
Kogut, T., & Ritov, I. (2005). The “identified victim” effect: An identified group, or just a single individual?. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 18(3), 157-167.
Liberman, N. & Förster, J. (2009). Distancing from experienced self: how global-versus-local perception affects estimation of psychological distance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(2), 203-216.
Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (1998). The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions:A test of temporal construal theory. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(1), 5-18.
Liviatan, I., Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2008). Interpersonal similarity as a social distance dimension: Implications for perception of others’ actions. Journal of experimental social psychology, 44(5), 1256-1269.
Loewenstein, G., & Small, D. A. (2007). The Scarecrow and the Tin Man: The vicissitudes of human sympathy and caring. Review of General Psychology, 11(2), 112-126.
MacDonnell, R., & White, K. (2015). How construals of money versus time impact consumer charitable giving. Journal of Consumer Research, 42(4), 551-563.
Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N. D., & Wells, W. D. (2011). Advertising & IMC: Principles and practice. Pearson Higher Ed.
Rabinovich, A., Morton, T. A., Postmes, T., & Verplanken, B. (2009). Think global, act local: The effect of goal and mindset specificity on willingness to donate to an environmental organization. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(4), 391-399.
Smith, D., Menon, S. & Sivakumar, K. (2005). Online peer and editorial recommendations, trust, and choice in virtual markets. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 19(3), 15-37.
Tsai, C. I., & McGill, A. L. (2010). No pain, no gain? How fluency and construal level affect consumer confidence. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(5), 807-821.
Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological review, 110(3), 403-421.
Vallacher, R. R., & Wegner, D. M. (1987). What do people think they're doing? Action identification and human behavior. Psychological review, 94(1), 3-15.
White, K., MacDonnell, R., & Dahl, D. W. (2011). It's the mindset that matters: The role of construal level and message framing in influencing consumer efficacy and conservation behaviors. Journal of Marketing Research, 48(3), 472-485.
Williams, L. E., Stein, R., & Galguera, L. (2014). The distinct affective consequences of psychological distance and construal level. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(6), 1123-1138.
Zhao, D., & Dale, K. R. (2019). Pro-social messages and transcendence: A content analysis of Facebook reactions to Mark Zuckerberg's donation pledge. Computers in Human Behavior, 91(1), 236-243.