Abstract

Immediately after Korea was liberated from Japanese colonial rule, Dr. Syngman Rhee suggested 5 principles about making new Korean state. They are the integration of political forces, national self-determination, free election, national unification, the realization of democratic welfare state. Dr. Rhee's principles of state-making were hindered by America and Soviet Russia which occupied Korean peninsular dividedly. America and Soviet Russia desired to impose international trusteeship on Korea against the demand of national self-determination of Korean people. Communists in South and North Korea challenged Dr. Rhee's principles more critically. Communists in South Korea opposed the integration of political forces in South Korea and disturbed national self-determination by their pro-trusteeshp campaign. Communists in North Korea established North Korea Provisional People's Committee(the provisional government of North Korea) in February 1946 and rushed to changing North Korea into socialist society. North Korea Provisional People's Committee was upgraded to North Korea People's Committee(the government of North Korea) in February 1947. The Actions of North Korean communists brought about the division of Korean peninsular into two political units. Accordingly, Dr. Rhee and his followers strove to establish anti-communist government by election in southern half of the peninsular. In November 1947 UN General Assembly resolved the establishment of united Korean government by free election under the supervision of UN. Soviet Russia and North Korean communists opposed the UN resolution. Inevitably, Dr. Rhee and his followers had to drive the establishment of democratic government by free election in South Korea. Communists struggled to break down the election in South Korea, some centrists and nationalists in South Korea helped communists' anti-election campaign. With help of America and UN, Dr. Rhee and his followers defeated communists' anti-election campaign and succeeded in establishing the Republic of Korea in August 1948.