ISSN : 1225-3480
국내에서 전복의 양식 생산량은 2016년에 12,343 톤으로 전체 패류 양식생산량의 약 3%에도 미치지 않을 정도로 그 양이 많지 않지만, 전체 양식패류 생산 금액의 절반 이상을 차지할 정도로 높은 산업적 가치를 가지고 있다. 그러나 최근 밀식과 장기간 양식에 따른 전복양식장의 부영양화, 높은 폐사율 및 종자의 열성화 현상이 발생하여 생산성이 점점 낮아지고 있다. 따라서 전복양식 어업인들은 높은 폐사율을 줄이기 위해 전복의 양성기간을 단축시키길 원하고 있으며, 그러기 위해 성장이 빠른 종자의 개발을 시도하고 있다. 본 연구는 성장이 우수한 전복 품종을 개발하기 위하여 한국 근해에서 가장 많이 양식하고 있는 한해성인 북방전복 (Haliotis discus hannai)과 그 아종인 난류성 둥근전복 (H. discus discus) 을 이용하여 각각의 순종과 교잡품종을 만들어 교잡의 효과를 조사하였다. 순종과 교잡한 종자들은 실내 배양장과 해상 가두리에서 장기간 사육하면서 성장과 생존을 비교분석 하였다. 인공종자 생산 시 순종과 교잡 품종의 수정률과 부화율은 순종과 교잡품종 사이에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 실내 배양장에서 치패단계까지는 품종별로 성장에서 북방전복 ♀ <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> 둥근전복 ♂의 교잡종이 성장이 가장 우수하게 나타났으며, 해상가두리에서 950일 이상 사육한 결과 역시 북방전복 ♀ <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> 둥근전복 ♂ 교잡 품종이 각장 <TEX>$88.6{\pm}1.8mm$</TEX>, 중량 <TEX>$90.5{\pm}4.9g$</TEX>으로 가장 빠른 성장을 보였다. 북방전복 ♀ <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> 둥근전복 ♂의 증중률이 <TEX>$1,809.2{\pm}70.9%$</TEX>, 비만도가 <TEX>$834.3{\pm}59.6$</TEX>으로 다른 종에 비해 가장 높게 나타났으며, 생존율의 경우도 성장이 가장 좋았던 북방전복 ♀ <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> 둥근전복 ♂의 교잡 품종이 약 40%로 순종이나 다른 교잡 품종들 보다 좋은 결과를 보였다.
This study conducted hybridizations between cold water Haliotis discus hannai and warm water Haliotis discus discus to produce both hybrid and pure hatchery stock and then compared growth and survival between the hybrid and pure seeds which were reared in indoor tanks and then seawater cages. A 250 day long culture in indoor tanks showed the highest growth in the hybrid H. discus hannai ♀ × H. discus discus ♂, which was followed by the pure H. discus hannai ♀ × H. discus hannai ♂. After the 250 day long culture in tanks, seeds with about 34 mm shell length were selected from the tanks and transferred to seawater cages to be reared for another 950 days. The sea cage culture also showed the highest growth in the hybrid H. discus hannai ♀ × H. discus discus ♂ like indoor culture. Survival rate of the pure H. discus hannai ♀ × H. discus hannai ♂, the hybrid H. discus hannai ♀ × H. discus discus ♂, the hybrid H. discus discus ♀ × H. discus hannai ♂, and the pure H. discus discus ♀ × H. discus discus ♂ during the 950 day cage culture was 38.63 ± 0.02%, 39.63 ± 0.01%, 31.25 ± 0.02% and 24.25 ± 0.05%, respectively, indicating the hybrid H. discus hannai ♀ × H. discus discus ♂ having the highest Survival rate. In conclusion, the comparison of growth and mortality between the hybrid and pure seeds reared in land-based tanks and seawater cages demonstrated that the hybrid H. discus hannai ♀ × H. discus discus ♂ performed the best.
Chen, N, Luo X, Yuting Gu, Guodong Han, Yunwei Dong, Weiwei You and Caihuan Ke. (2016) Assessment of the thermal tolerance of abalone based on cardiac performance in Haliotis discus hannai, H. gigantea and their interspecific hybrid. Aquaculture. 465: 258-264.
Cho, H.S. and Kim, D.S. (2012) Effects of feed type and temperature on growth of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 43: 114-119.
Choe, M.K., Han, S.J., Yang, S.G., Won, S.H., Park, C.J. and Yeo, I.K. (2007) Estimation of Genetic Parameter and Growth Traits by Sex of Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The Malacological Society of Korea, 32(4): 249-254.
Ferraris, M., Radice, S., Catalani, P., Francolini, M., Maravini, L. and Chiesara, E. (2002) Early oxidative damage in primary cultured trout hepatocytes: atime course study. Aquatic Toxicology, 59: 283-296.
Faturrahman., Immy S. R., and Dan S. (2014) Improved of Growth Rate of Abalone Haliotis asinine Fed Pudding Probiotic-Enriched Protein. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 23: 315-322.
Issa, B., Muhammad, T. H. C., Paulos, G., Cho, J.Y. and Hong, Y.K. (2015) Feeding the abalone Haliotis discus hannai with the seaweed Eisenia bicyclis Allows the Accumulation of Phlorotannins. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(2): 165-171.
Kim, B.H., Park, M.W., Son, M.H., Kim, T.I., Myeong, J.I. and Cho, J.K. (2013) A Study on the Optimum Stocking Density of the Juvenile Abalone, Hailotis discus hannai Net Cage Culture or Indoor Tank Culture. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 29(3): 189-195.
Kim, B.H., Park, M.W., Kim, T.I., Son, M.H. and Lee, S.W. (2015) The Effects of Fed Artificial Diet and Seaweed Diet on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai by Land-based Tank Immediate Culture Types. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 31(2): 73-81.
Kim, T.H., Yang, M.H., Choe, M.K., Han, S.J., and Yeo, I.K. (2005) Physiological Studies on Acute Water-temperature Stress of Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Journal of Aquaculture, 18(1): 7-12.
Kim, T.H., Lee, J.H., D. W. Fredriksson, J. DeCew, A. Drach, Moon, K.Y. (2014) Engneering analysis of a submersible aquaculture cage system for deployment in exposed marine environments. Aquacultural Engineering, 63: 72-88.
Koike, Y., Flassch, J.P. and Mazurier. J. (1979) Biological and ecological studies on the propagation of the ormer, Halotis tuberculata Linnaeus: II. Influence of food and density on the growth of junveniles. La. Mer., 17: 43-52.
Korea National Statistical Office. KOSIS Statistical DB, Daejeon, Korea [Internet]. Retrieved from http://kosis.kr/index/index.do on march 11, 2018.
Lee, J.K., Seo, Y.B., Kim, G.D. and Lim, H.K. (2016) Molecular and Physiological Aspects of Breeding Program for Development of Hybrids between Abalones Distributed in the Coast of Korea. Journal of Life Science, 26(10): 1218-1223.
Lee, J.S., Won, S.H., Kim, S.C., Lim, H.K. and Lee, J.h. (2014) Classification and Description of Genus Nordotis (Gastropoda : Vestigastropoda) from Korea. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 30(1): 79-86.
Lee, S.W., Kim, B.H., Kim, T.I. and Son, M.H. (2015) Optimum Stocking Density of 3- yerar-old Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Reared in Net Cage Culture. The Korean Journal of Malacology. 31(2): 93-101.
Park, C.J., Min, B.H., Kim, K.S., Lee, J.W., Lee, J.H., Noh, J.K., Kim, H.C., Park, J.W. and Myeong, J.I. (2011) Physiological responses on Low Water-temperature Stress of Pacific abalone. Haliotis discus hannai. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 27(4): 317-322.
Park, C.J., Lee, J.H., Noh, J.K., Kim, H.C., Park, J.W., Hwang, I.J. and Kim, S.Y. (2012) Growth of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, using selection breeding techniques. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 28(4): 343-347.
Park, J.W., Park, C.J., Lee, J.H., Noh, J.K., Kim, H.C., Hwang, I.J. and Kim, S.Y. (2013) Estimation of Family Variation and Genetic Parameter for Growth Traits of Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai on the 3th Generation of Selection. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 29(4): 325-334.
Park, M.S., Kim, S.H., Lim, H.K., Min, B.H., Chang, Y.J. and Jeong, M.H. (2013) Recovery rate and Histological changes in the gills of Juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai by exposure time of different Water Temperatures and Salinities. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 29(3) 225-232.
Park, M.W., Kim, H.j., Kim, B.H., Son, M.H., Jeon, M.A. and Lee, J.S. (2013) Changes of Survival Rate, Falling Rate and Foot Histology of the Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai (Ino, 1952) with Water Temperature and Salinity, The Korean Journal of Malacology, 29(4): 303-311.
Seo, Y.B., Lee, J.K., Kim, J.M. and Jung, T.H. (2015) Method for identifying abalone using polymorphism of calmodulin intron. Korean Intellectual Property Office. 10-2015-0096283.
Sin, Y.K., Lee, W.C., Kim, D.W., Son, M.H., Jun, J.C., Kim, E.O. and Kim, S.H. (2012) Seasonal Changes in Physiology of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai reared from Nohwa island on the South Coast of Korea. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 28(2): 131-136.
Sin, Y.K., Kim, Y.D., Kim, W.J. and Park, J.J. (2017) Survival rate and physiological changes of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai juvenile exposed to different high temperature. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 33(3): 157-164.
Vosloo, D., Leon van, R. and Vosloo, A. (2013) Oxidative stress in abalone: The role of temperature, oxygen and L-proline supplementation. Aquaculture, 416-417: 265-271.
Won, K.M., Kim, B.H., Jin, Y.G., Park, Y.J., Son, M.H., Cho, M.Y., Park, M.A. and Park, M.W. (2013) Infestation of the Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, by the Polydora under Intensive Culture Conditions in Korea, Journal of Fish Pathology, 26(3): 139-148.
Yoo, S.K. (2000) Coastal culture and management. Five Edition. pp. 287-291, Gudeok College Publishing. Busan.
Zhang, G., Q, Huayoung., Liu, X. and Xu, H. (2004) Abalone mariculture in china. Journal of shellfish research, 23(4): 947.
