open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
ISSN : 2092-738X
Only a few researchers highlighted the implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification. These neglected the importance of analyzing the different trajectories of the relations of production in Indonesian palm oil development. As a result, there is a prevailing doubtful attitude on ISPO legitimation. This paper aims to identify how independent smallholder pilot projects give meaning to ISPO legitimation and implementation. It explores production relations in a smallholder community, focusing on land ownership, the formation of a cooperative, and response capability in cases of failure. This paper reveals that the project brought greater understanding to the community with regards to sustainability, as well as strengthened cooperation between the company and the cooperative. This, despite the community’s confronting the same problems of land legality as other independent farmers, as the community is located inside the company concession (Hak Guna Usaha, HGU).
Anderson, Zachary R., et al. 2015. Land Grabbing, Conflict and Agrarian‐Environmental Transformations: Perspectives from East and Southeast Asia. https://www.iss.nl/fileadmin/ASSETS/iss/Research_and_projects/Research_networks/LDPI /CMCP_20-_Anderson_et_al.pdf .(Accessed March 15, 2017).
Bacon, Chris. 2005. Confronting the Coffee Crises: Can Fair Trade, Organic and Speciality Coffee Reduce Small-Scale Farmer Vulnerability in Northern Nicaragua?. World Development, 33(3): 497-511.
Bartley, Tim and Shawna N. Smith. 2010. 15 Communities of Practice as Cause and Consequence of Transnational Governance:the Evolution of Social and Environmental Certification. Transnational Communities Shaping Global Economic Governance. Marie-Laure Djelic and Sigrid Quack, eds. 347-374. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Beuchelt, Tina D, and Manfred Zeller. 2012. The Role of Cooperative Business Models for the Success of Smallholder Coffee Certification in Nicaragua: a Comparison of Conventional, Organic and Organic Fair trade-Certified Cooperatives. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 28(3): 195-211.
Bush, Simon R, Hilde Toonen, Peter Oosterveer, and Arthur P J Mol. 2013. The ‘Devils Triangle’ of MSC Certification: Balancing Credibility, Accessibility and Continuous Improvement. Marine Policy, 37: 288-293.
Cameron, Blair. 2017. Forest Friendly Palm Production: Certifying Small-Scale Farmers in Indonesia 2011-2016. https://successfulsocieties. princeton.edu/sites/successfulsocieties/files/BC_Certification _Indonesia_0.pdf (Accessed July 8, 2017).
Cashore, Benjamin, Graeme Auld, and Deanna Newsom. 2004. Governing Through Markets: Forest Certification and the Emergence of Non-State Authority, New Haven. CT: Yale University Press.
Cramb, Rob and John F McCarthy. 2016. The Oil Palm Complex:Smallholders, Agribusiness and the State in Indonesia and Malaysia. Singapore: NUS Press.
Enden, Sabrina Van der. 2013. Smallholders and Sustainable Palm Oil Production: A Better Understanding between Policy Arrangements and Real-life Practices a Case Study of the Siak Smallholders Site, Riau province, Sumatra. Master Thesis. Wangeningen University.
Ebeling, Johannes and M Yasue. 2008. The Effectiveness of Market-Based Conservation in the Tropics: Forest Certification in Ecuador and Bolivia. Journal of Environmental Management, 90 (2): 1145-1153.
Elbers, Willem, Bart van Rijsbergen, Fred Bagamba, and Paul Hoebink. 2015. The Impact of Utz Certification on Smallholder Farmers in Uganda. Coffee Certification in East Africa, Impact on Farmers, Families and Cooperatives. Ruerd Ruben, and Paul Hoebink .eds. 175-182. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
European Parliament. 2017. MEPs Call for Clampdown Import of Unsustainable Palm Oil and Use in Biofuel. http://www. europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/20170329IPR69057/meps-call-for-clampdown-on-imports-of-unsustainable-palm -oil-and-use-in-biofuel (Accessed July 10, 2017).
Frey, Bruno and Felix Obelhozer-Gee. 1997. The Cost of Price Incentives: An Empirical Analysis of Motivation Crowding-Out. American Economic Review, 87(4): 746-755.
Gulbrandsen, Lars H. 2005. Sustainable Forestry in Sweden: The Effect of Competition Among Private Certification Schemes. The Journal of Environment and Development, 14(3):338-355.
Guthman, Julie. 2004. Back to the Land: the Paradox of Organic Food Standards. Environmental and Planning, 36: 511-528.
Harsono, Dina, M. Achmad Chozin and Anas M Fauzi. 2012. Analysis on Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO): A Qualitative Assessment the Success Factors for ISPO. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis, 9(2): 39–48.
Hidayat, Nia Kurniawati, Pieter Glasbergen, and Astrid Offermans. 2015. Sustainability Certification and Palm Oil Smallholders’Livelihoods: A Comparison between Scheme Smallholders and Independent Smallholders in Indonesia. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 18 (3): 25-48.
Higgins, Vaughan, Jacqui Dibden, and Chris Cocklin. 2008. Neoliberalism and Natural Resource Management: Agrienvironmental Standards and the Governing of Farming Practices. Geoforum, 39(5): 1776-1785.
Hospes, Otto and Annemoon Kentin. 2014. Tension Between Global-Scale and National-Scale Governance: The Strategic Use of Scale Farmers to Promote Sustainable Palm Oil Production in Indonesia. Scale-sensitive Governance of the Environment. Frans Padt, Paul Opdam, Nico Polman, and Catrien Termeer, eds. 203-219. Oxford: John Willey & Sons, Ltd.
Koto Gasib dalam Angka. 2016. Koto Gasib Dalam Angka. Kecamatan Koto Gasib. Siak Riau. Riau: BPS.
Mutersbaugh, Tad. 2005. Fighting Standard with Standard: Harmonization, Rents, and Social Accountability in Certified Agrofood Networks. Environment and Planning, 37: 2033-2051.
Nanggara, Soelthon Gussetya, et al. 2017. Enam Tahun ISPO: Kajian Terkait Penguatan Instrumen ISPO dalam Merespon Dampak-dampak Negatif seperti Deforestasi, Kerusakan Ekosistem Gambut, Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan, serta Konflik Tenurial. Bogor: Forest Watch Indonesia.
Nielsen. 2015. The Sustainability Imperative New Insight on Consumer Expectation. http://richesses-immaterielles.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/9053_Global_Sustainability_Re port_Site-Web-RRI.pdf (Accessed February 10, 2017).
Okem, Andrew Emannuel. 2016. Theoretical and Empirical Studies on Cooperatives: Lessons for Cooperative in South Africa. Switzerland: Springer.
Overdevest, Christine. 2005. Treadmill Politics, Information Politics and Public Policy Toward Political Economy of Information. Organization and Information. 18 (1): 72-90.
Perez-Ramirez, Monica, German Ponce-Diaz, and Salvodor Lluch-Cota. 2012. The Role of MSC Certification in the Empowerment of Fishing Cooperatives in Mexico: The case of Red Rock Lobster co-Managed Fishery. Ocean & Coastal Management, 63: 24-29.
Potter, Lesley. 2016. Alternative Pathways for Smallholder Oil Palm in Indonesia: International Comparisons. The Oil Palm Complex: Smallholders, Agribusiness and the State in Indonesia and Malaysia. Rob Cramb and John F. McCarthy, eds. 155-188. Singapore: NUS Press.
Poynton, Scott. 2015. Beyond Certification. Oxford: Do Sustainability.
Rametsteiner, Ewald. 2002. The Role of Governments in Forest Certification-a Normative Analysis Based on New Institutional Economics Theories. Forest Policy and Economics, 4(3):163-173.
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. 2009. Greenhouse Gas Emission from Palm Oil Production: Final Report. Brinkmann Consultancy. http://rspo.org/sites/default/files/RSPO-GHGWG-FinalReport-Nov09.pdf (Accessed March 20, 2013).
Suradisastra, Kedi. 2006. Agricultural Cooperative in Indonesia. FFTC-NACF International Seminar on Agricultural Cooperatives in Asia: Innovations and Opportunities in the 21st Century, Seoul Korea. http://www.fftc.agnet.org/htmlarea_file/activities/20110719103351/paper-655201936.pdf (Accessed October 1, 2016).
Varkkey, Helena. 2016. The Haze Problem in Southeast Asia: Palm Oil and Patronage. New York: Routledge.
Vandergeest, Peter. 2007. Certification and Communities: Alternatives for Regulating the Environmental and Social Impacts of Shrimp Farming. World Development, 35 (7): 1152-1171.
Winarni, Rahmawati Retno, Edi Sutrisno and Norman Jiwan. 2014. Beyond EU, RSPO and ISPO Sustainability Requirements. http://www.ecosystem-alliance.org/sites/default/files/docum ents/TuK%20Beyond%20EU%2C%20RSPO%20and%20ISPO%20Sustainability%20Requirements.pdf (Accessed January 20, 2017).
Yamao, Masahiro. 1993. Political Economy of Agricultural Cooperatives in Southeast Asia. South Pacific Studies, 14 (1): 119-136.