바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

Why Do We Pay for Advertising Models?: Suggestions for Maximizing Advertising Effectiveness

Asian Journal of Business Environment / Asian Journal of Business Environment, (P)2765-6934; (E)2765-7027
2014, v.4 no.1, pp.15-23
(Jangan University)

Hoe-Chang Yang (Jang-an University)
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed

Abstract

Purpose – In this study, we inspected the effects of public- service advertising (PSA) and commercial advertisements on consumers' social and emotional values. Specifically, we include source credibility on advertising models as a mediating variable to compare the path difference between the social and emotional value of consumers, and to test the appropriateness of advertising expenses. Research design, data, and methodology – A total of 219 copies of effective questionnaires were used and methodologies such as Cronbach’s alpha, paired samples t-test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted. Results – The results showed that the consumer model was effective at PSA, while celebrities and CEOs were effective at commercial advertising. Further, only credibility (among source credibility) made a significant difference in the test of PSA models of both PSA and commercial advertising that consumers preferred. Conclusions – The advertising model types varied depending on advertising types (for example, PSA and commercial advertising). Therefore, celebrities and CEOs appearing in commercial advertising should have no ethical or moral defect by self-control, and marketers should elect the model considering such a fact.

keywords
Types of Advertising Model, Source Credibility, Consumer Value, PSA, Commercial Advertising

Reference

1.

Baker, M. J., & Churchill, G. A. (1977). The Impact of Physically Attractive Models on Advertising Evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 14(11), 538-555.

2.

Brockner, J. (1988). Self-Esteem at work: Research, Theory and Practice, Issues in organization and management series. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

3.

Cha, Bae-Keun (1989). Persuasive Communication, Seoul, Korea: Seoul University Press.

4.

Craig, C. S., & McCann, J. M. (1978). Assessing Communication Effects on Energy Conservation. Journal of Consumer Research, 5(Sep.), 82-88.

5.

Erdogan, B. Z., Baker, M. J. & Tagg, S. (2001). Selecting celebrity endorsers: the practitioner’s perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 41(3), 39–49.

6.

Festinger, L. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.

7.

Fisk, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1984). Social Cognition. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

8.

Friedman, H. H., & Friedman, L. (1979). Endorser Effectiveness by Product Type. Journal of Advertising Research, 19(5), 63–71.

9.

Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelly, H. H. (1953). Communication and Persuasion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

10.

Hovland, C., Weiss, W. (1951). The Influence of Source Credibility on Communication Effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15, 635-650.

11.

Kaikati, J. G. (1987). Celebrity advertising: a review and synthesis. International Journal of Advertising, 6(2), 93-105.

12.

Kamins, M. A., & Gupta K. (1994). Congruence between spokesperson and product type: a matchup hypothesis perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 11(6), 569–586.

13.

Kanungo, R. J., & Pang, S. (1973). Effects on Human Models on Perceived Product Quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 57(April), 172-178.

14.

Kelman, H. C. (1961). Processes of Opinion Change. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25(1), 57-78.

15.

Kim, Mi-hey & Joen, Jung-Ok (2009). A Study on the Negative Emotions about Highly Attractive Model in Ads. Korean Journal of Consumer and Advertising Psychology, 10(2), 183-207.

16.

Lasswell, H. (1948). The structure and function of communications in society. In The communication of ideas, ed. L. Bryson. New York, Harper.

17.

Lee, Jeong-Haeng (2005). Study on the Influence of Advertisement Model types and Message Appealing Types ti Advertisement Effect. Unpublished master’s thesis, Hong-Ik University, Seoul Korea.

18.

Lee, Jung-Gyo (2005). The Effect of Celebrity-Product Mismatch on Advertising Memory: Role of the Level of Mismatch. The Korean Journal of Advertising and Public Relations, 7(4), 169-192.

19.

Lee, Kyung-Yul., Lee, Chull-Young., & Lee, Hyun-Ju (2006). A Study on the Effects of CEO Spokesperson on the Consumers’ Product Attitudes and Purchase Intention. Korean Journal of Advertising and Public Relations, 8(4), 302-330.

20.

Lynch, J., & Schuler, D. (1994). The Match-up Effect of Spokesperson and Product Congruency: A Schema Theory interpretation. Psychology & Marketing, 11, 417-445.

21.

McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the Celebrity Endorse/Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(11), 310-321.

22.

McGuire, W. J. (1968). Nature of Attitudes and Attitude Change. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson(Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology, (2nd ed.) Reading, Mass: Addision-Wesley, in press.

23.

Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Celebrity Endorsers’ Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52.

24.

Ohanian, R. (1991). The Impact of Celebrity Spokesperson’s Perceived Image on Consumer’s Intention to Purchase. Journal of Advertising, 31, 46-53.

25.

Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I., & Gross, B. L. (1991). Why We Buy What We Buy: A Theory of Consumption Values. Journal of Business Research, 22, 159-170.

26.

Shin, Hyung-Jun., Cho, Young-Chun., & Yang, Hoe-Chang (2012). Effects of Advertising Model Type depending upon Each Form of Advertising upon Advertising Effect. in Proceedings of 2012 Winter International Conference of KODISA, 89-93.(in Publishing).

27.

Song, Jeong-Mee (2008). The Congruency between Ad Model and Self Concept: With focus on the Preference of Apartment Brand. Korean Journal of Consumer and Advertising Psychology, 9(1), 25-44.

28.

Staats, A. W., & Staats, C. K. (1958). Attitudes Established by Classical Conditioning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 57, 34-40.

29.

Sweeney, J. C., & Soutar, G. (2001). Consumer perceived value:the development of multiple item scale. Journal of Retailing, 77(2), 203-220.

30.

Taylor, S. E., & Croker, J. (1981). Schematic Bases of Social Information Processing. in Social Cognition: The Ontario Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology, (ed.)E. T. Higgins, C. A. Herman & M. P. Zanna, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 89-134.

31.

Wang, C. L., Bristol, T., Mowen, J. C., & Chakraborty, G. (2000). Alternative modes of self-construal: Dimensions of Connectedness and Separateness and Advertising Appeals th the Cultural and Gender Specific Self. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(2), 107-115.

32.

Woodside, A. G., & Davenport, W. J. (1974). The Effect of Salesmen Similarity and Expertise on Consumer Purchasing Behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 11(May), 198-202.

33.

Yang, C. (1988). So-called Era of New Media. Seoul, Korea:Dae-hak Publisher.

Asian Journal of Business Environment