- P-ISSN 1010-0695
- E-ISSN 2288-3339
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate deodorizing effectsof medicinal herbs (Mume Fructus, Eriobotryae Folium, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) for development of a gargle solution. Methods:1.The antimicrobial effects of medicinal herbs were evaluated with the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the change of the number of viable cells in the herb extracts(1%) for 48 hrs against P. gingivalis 2561 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611. 2.Deodorizing activity of each herb and Garglin MintⓇgainst methyl mercaptan were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). 3.We used the malodor modeling of the salivary sediment system with a Halimeter. 4.In the preliminary clinical study, the baseline concentration of VSC in the oral cavity of each subject was measured by Halimeter. Subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with cysteine. After 4 minutes subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with Garglin and herb extracts (2%). Subsequently, concentration of VSC were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 minutes. Results:1.MBC of Mume Fructusfor P. gingivalis 2561 was determined to be <1% and MBCs of Eriobotryae Folium for P. gingivalis 2561 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611 were determined to be <2% and <1%, respectively. Mume Fructus (1%) completely suppressed the P. gingivalis cell viability from 5 hrs and Eriobotryae Folium (1%) completely suppressed the Pr. intermedia cell viability from 48 hrs. 2.In GC analysis, deodorizing activities were 91.54% with Mume Fructus, 87.97% with Eriobotryae Folium, 100% with Acanthopanacis Cortex, 72.36% with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and 40.54% with Garglin Mint®. 3.In malodor modeling of the salivary sediment system, each of the medicinal herbs had significantly inhibitory effect on malodor formation (p<0.05). 4.In the preliminary clinical study, the concentration of VSC of the herb groups was significantly lower than of the control group, but not in Garglin Mint®. Conclusions: Mume Fructus, Eriobotryae Folium, Acanthopanacis Cortex and Angelicae Dahuricae Radixhave deodorizing activities and potential as an effective mouthwash against oral malodor.
1 Tonzetich J, Ng SK. Reduction of malodor by oral cleansing procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1976;42:172-81.
2 Park MS, Kim YK, Chung SC, Lee SW. Epidemiologic Study on Oral Malodor for Korean. J Korean Acad Oral Med. 2001;26(2):107-14.
3 Rosenberg M. Bad breath: diagnosis and treatment. Univ Toronto Dent J. 1990;3(2):7-11.
4 Weinberg M. Halitosis: the 'bad breath' syndrome. US Pharmacist. 2001;26(3):46-57.
5 Pratibha PK, Bhat KM, Bhat GS. Oral malodor: a review of the literature. J Dent Hyg. 2006;80(3):8.
6 Eom GH, Kim JS. Deodorizing Effect of Cheonggugamrosu. Korean J of Orient Int Med. 2007;28(2): 354-62.
7 Kim JS, Park JW, Yoon SW, Ryu BH. Inhibitory Effect of Respective Herbs in Cheonggugamrosu on Oral Malodor Using Malodor Modeling of the Salivary Sediment System. J Korean Oriental Med. 2009;30(2):79-87.
8 Flotra L, Gjermo P, Rolla G, Waerhaug J. Side effects of chlorhexidine mouth washes. Scand J Dent Res. 1971;79(2):119-25.
9 Fiss EM, Rule KL, Vikesland PJ. Formation of chloroform and other chlorinated byproducts by chlorination of triclosan-containing antibacterial products. Environ Sci Technol. 2007;41(7): 2387 -94.
10 Lee JH, Kim ME, Kim KS, Kim SB. Study on the Development of Gargle Solution Containing Medicinal Herb Extract for Oral Malodor. J Korean Acad Oral Med. 2003;28(1):1-10.
11 Kim JS, Hong JH, Park JW, Jeon WH, Kim JS, Yum SH, et al. The effect of several herbs on reducing halitosis and the comparison of efficacy with EUNDAN and GARGLIN. J Oriental Chr Dis. 2001;7(1):1-8.
12 De Boever EH, Loesche WJ. Assessing the contribution of anaerobic microflora of the tongue to oral malodor. J Am Dent Assoc. 1995;126:1384-93.
13 Tokita F, Ishikawa M, Shibuya K, Koshimizu M, Abe R. Deodorizing activity of some plant extracts against methyl mercaptan. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi. 1984;58(6):585-9.
14 Bosy A. Oral malodor: philosophical and practical aspects. J Can Dent Assoc 1997;63:196- 201.
15 McDowell JD, Kassebaum DK. Diagnosing and treating halitosis. JADA 1993;124:55-64.
16 Scully C, el-Maaytah M, Porter SR, Greenman J. Breath odor: etiopathogenesis, assessment and management. Eur J Oral Sci 1997;105 (4):287-93.
17 정호용. 타액과 설태량에 따른 구취발생에 관한 임상실험 연구. 단국대 정책경영대학원. 2005.
18 Lee H, Kho HS, Chung JW, Chung SC, Kim YK. Volatile sulfur compounds produced by Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40(5):421-6.
19 Rosenberg M, Kozlovsky A, Gelernter I, Gelernter I, Cherniak O, Gabbay J et al. Selfestimation of oral malodor. J Dent Res 1995;74:1577-82.
20 Rosenberg M, McCulloch CA. Measurement of oral malodor: current methods and future prospects. J Periodontol 1992;63:776-82.
21 Kleinberg I, Codipilly M. Modeling of the oral malodor system and methods of analysis. Quintessence Int. 1999;30:357-69.
22 Kleinberg I, Codipilly DM. Cysteine challenge testing: a powerful tool for examining oral malodour processes and treatments in vivo. Int Dent J. 2002;52 Suppl 3:221-8.
23 Kleinberg I, Codipilly M. H2S generation and Eh reduction in cysteine challenge testing as a means of determining the potential of test products and treatments for inhibiting oral malodor. J. breath Res. 2008;2:1-9.
24 Loesche WJ. The effects of antimicrobial mouthrinses on oral malodor and their status relative to US Food and Drug Administration regulation. Quintessence Int. 1999;30(5):311-8.
25 임대훈. 사과, 포도 및 상추 추출물을 이용한 구취억제 구강세정액의 개발. 부경대산업대학원. 2006.
26 Cho SW, Kwak KS, Lee JH, Yun YS, Gu YS, Ji CI et al. The effect of polyphenol oxidase on deodorizing activity of apple extract against methyl mercaptan. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2001;30(6):1301-4.
27 Bae KH, Lee BJ, Jang YK, Lee BR, Lee WJ, Chang DS et al. The effect of mouserinse products containing sodium fluride, cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC), pine leaf extracts and green tea extracts on plague, gingivitis, dental caris and halitosis. J Kor Acad Dent Fealth. 2001;25 (1):51-9.
28 Lee ES, Ahn TY, Yoon JJ, Kook JK, Lee BR, Kim DK. Restraint effect on leaf-extract from Camellia sinensis and seed-extract from Casia tora against periodontopathogens. J Korean Acad Dent Health. 2003;27(4):569-79.
29 이상복, 박용덕, 최유진. 송진과 죽염이 배합된 분말세치제가 치은염과 치아지각과민증에 미치는 영향. 齒科硏究. 2003;54(1): 71-81.
30 Tamaki K, Tamaki T, Yamazaki T. Studies on the deodorization by mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) extract of garlic extract-induced oral malodor. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2007;53(3):277-86.
31 Sterer N, Rubinstein Y. Effect of various natural medicinals on salivary protein putrefaction and malodor production. Quintessence Int. 2006;37(8):653-8.
32 Greenberg M, Urnezis P, Tian M. Compressed mints and chewing gum containing magnolia bark extract are effective against bacteria responsible for oral malodor. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55(23):9465-9.
33 Sterer N, Rubinstein Y. Effect of various natural medicinals on salivary protein putrefaction and malodor production. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55(23):9465-9.
34 Kida K, Suzuki M, Takagaki A, Nanjo F. Deodorizing effects of tea catechins on amines and ammonia. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002;66(2):373-7.
35 Choi IW, Kim SR, Jung CH, Park MW. Measurements of deodorizing activities of the beverage formulated with green tea extracts, champignon extract and cyclodextrin. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2004;13(3):318-22.
36 대한 한의과대학 본초학 편집위원회. 본초학. 서울;영림사;1994, p. 615-6, 129-30, 476, 283-4.
37 안덕균. 한국본초도감. 서울:교학사; 1998, p. 23, 292, 593, 937.
38 박찬엘. 오매로부터 Helicobacter pylori의 urease 활성억제물질 분리에 관한 연구. 경희대 대학원.2006.
39 Jeong MY, Kim YH, Lee NK, Lee JY, Herr Y, Lee JH et al. Antimicrobial Effect on the Periodontal Pathogens and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Eriobotryae Folium. J Korean Oriental Med. 2008;29(2):182-92.