1. Ursell LK, Metcalf JL, Parfrey LW, Knight R. (2012). Defining the human microbiome. Nutrition reviews, 70(suppl_1):S38-S44.

2. Relman DA, Falkow S, (2001). The meaning and impact of the human genome sequence for microbiology. Trends in microbiology, 9(5):206-8.

3. Kim YS, Choi YG. (2016). Microbiome change medicine. Microbiome medicine, ed. Medbook.

4. O'Hara AM, Shanahan F. (2006). The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO reports, 7(7):688-93.

5. Marsland BJ, Trompette A, Gollwitzer ES. (2015). The gut–lung axis in respiratory disease. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 12(Supplement 2):S150-S6.

6. Van Nimwegen FA, Penders J, Stobberingh EE, Postma DS, Koppelman GH, Kerkhof M, et al. (2011). Mode and place of delivery, gastrointestinal microbiota, and their influence on asthma and atopy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 128(5):948-55. e3.

7. Bisgaard H, Li N, Bonnelykke K, Chawes BLK, Skov T, Paludan-Müller G, et al. (2011). Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 128(3):646-52. e5.

8. Ichinohe T, Pang IK, Kumamoto Y, Peaper DR, Ho JH, Murray TS, et al. (2011). Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza A virus infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(13):5354-9.

9. Choi S, Cho S-H, Yi H. (2016). Human microbiome studies in Korea. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis, 4(5):311-20.

10. Russell SL, Gold MJ, Willing BP, Thorson L, McNagny KM, Finlay BB. (2013). Perinatal antibiotic treatment affects murine microbiota, immune responses and allergic asthma. Gut microbes, 4(2):158-64.

11. Floor M, Van Akkeren F, Rozenberg-Arskai M, Visser M, Kolsters A, Beumer H, et al. (1994). Effect of loracarbef and amoxicillin on the oropharyngeal and intestinal microflora of patients with bronchitis. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26(2):191-7.

12. Vogel F, Ochs HR, Wettich K, Kalich S, Nilsson-Ehle I, Odenholt I, et al. (2001). Effect of step-down therapy of ceftriaxone plus loracarbef versus parenteral therapy of ceftriaxone on the intestinal microflora in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7(7):376-9.

13. Li KL, Wang BZ, Li ZP, Li YL, Liang JJ. (2019). Alterations of intestinal flora and the effects of probiotics in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection. World journal of pediatrics, 15(3):255‐61.

14. Lau ASY, Yanagisawa N, Hor YY, Lew LC, Ong JS, Chuah LO, et al. (2018). Bifidobacterium longum BB536 alleviated upper respiratory illnesses and modulated gut microbiota profiles in Malaysian pre-school children. Beneficial Microbes, 9(1):61-70.

15. West CE, Gothefors L, Granström M, Käyhty H, Hammarström MLKC, Hernell O. (2008). Effects of feeding probiotics during weaning on infections and antibody responses to diphtheria, tetanus and Hib vaccines. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 19(1):53-60.

16. Corsello G, Carta M, Marinello R, Picca M, De Marco G, Micillo M, et al. (2017). Preventive effect of cow’s milk fermented with lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 on common infectious diseases in children: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 9(7).

17. Bruzzese E, Callegari ML, Raia V, Viscovo S, Scotto R, Ferrari S, et al. (2014). Disrupted intestinal microbiota and intestinal inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis and its restoration with Lactobacillus GG: a randomised clinical trial. PLoS One, 9(2):e87796.

18. Bruzzese E, Raia V, Ruberto E, Scotto R, Giannattasio A, Bruzzese D, et al. (2018). Lack of efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in reducing pulmonary exacerbations and hospital admissions in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomised placebo controlled trial. Journal of cystic fibrosis, 17(3):375‐82.

19. Durack J, Kimes NE, Lin DL, Rauch M, McKean M, McCauley K, et al. (2018). Delayed gut microbiota development in high-risk for asthma infants is temporarily modifiable by Lactobacillus supplementation. Nature communications, 9(1):707.

20. del Campo R, Garriga M, Pérez-Aragón A, Guallarte P, Lamas A, Máiz L, et al. (2014). Improvement of digestive health and reduction in proteobacterial populations in the gut microbiota of cystic fibrosis patients using a Lactobacillus reuteri probiotic preparation: A double blind prospective study. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 13(6):716-22.

21. Kubota A, He F, Kawase M, Harata G, Hiramatsu M, Salminen S, et al. (2009). Lactobacillus strains stabilize intestinal microbiota in Japanese cedar pollinosis patients. Microbiology and Immunology, 53(4):198-205.

22. Harata G, Kumar H, He F, Miyazawa K, Yoda K, Kawase M, et al. (2017). Probiotics modulate gut microbiota and health status in Japanese cedar pollinosis patients during the pollen season. European Journal of Nutrition, 56(7):2245-53.

23. Ouwehand AC, Nermes M, Collado MC, Rautonen N, Salminen S, Isolauri E. (2009). Specific probiotics alleviate allergic rhinitis during the birch pollen season. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 15(26):3261-8.

24. Mahmoodpoor A, Hamishehkar H, Asghari R, Abri R, Shadvar K, Sanaie S. (2019). Effect of a Probiotic Preparation on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 34(1):156-62.

25. Brunser O, Gotteland M, Cruchet S, Figueroa G, Garrido D, Steenhout P. (2006). Effect of a milk formula with prebiotics on the intestinal microbiota of infants after an antibiotic treatment. Pediatric Research, 59(3):451-6.

26. Arslanoglu S, Moro GE, Boehm G. (2007). Early supplementation of prebiotic oligosaccharides protects formula-fed infants against infections during the first 6 months of life. Journal of Nutrition, 137(11):2420-4.

27. Nagafuchi S, Yamaji T, Kawashima A, Saito Y, Takahashi T, Yamamoto T, et al. (2015). Effects of a formula containing two types of prebiotics, bifidogenic growth stimulator and galacto-oligosaccharide, and fermented milk products on intestinal microbiota and antibody response to influenza vaccine in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial. Pharmaceuticals, 8(2):351-65.

28. Akatsu H, Nagafuchi S, Kurihara R, Okuda K, Kanesaka T, Ogawa N, et al. (2016). Enhanced vaccination effect against influenza by prebiotics in elderly patients receiving enteral nutrition. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 16(2):205-13.

29. Shimizu K, Yamada T, Ogura H, Mohri T, Kiguchi T, Fujimi S, et al. (2018). Synbiotics modulate gut microbiota and reduce enteritis and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. Critical care (London, England), 22(1):239.

30. McLoughlin R, Berthon BS, Rogers GB, Baines KJ, Leong LEX, Gibson PG, et al. (2019). Soluble fibre supplementation with and without a probiotic in adults with asthma: A 7-day randomised, double blind, three way cross-over trial. EBioMedicine, 46:473-85.

31. Candy DCA, Van Ampting MTJ, Oude Nijhuis MM, Wopereis H, Butt AM, Peroni DG, et al. (2018). A synbiotic-containing amino-acid-based formula improves gut microbiota in non-IgE -mediated allergic infants. Pediatric Research, 83(3):677-86.

32. Wei S, Mortensen MS, Stokholm J, Brejnrod AD, Thorsen J, Rasmussen MA, et al. (2018). Short- and long-term impacts of azithromycin treatment on the gut microbiota in children: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. EBioMedicine, 38:265-72.

33. Kanhere M, He J, Chassaing B, Ziegler TR, Alvarez JA, Ivie EA, et al. (2018). Bolus Weekly Vitamin D3 Supplementation Impacts Gut and Airway Microbiota in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 103(2):564-74.

34. Yong W, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang Z. (2020). Jianpi Huatan Tongfu granule alleviates inflammation and improves intestinal flora in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of International Medical Research, 48(4).

35. Hu Y, Shi Q, Ying S, Zhu D, Chen H, Yang X, et al. (2020). Effects of compound Caoshi silkworm granules on stable COPD patients and their relationship with gut microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 99(22):e20511.

36. Peterson J, Garges S, Giovanni M, McInnes P, Wang L, Schloss JA, et al. (2009). The NIH human microbiome project. Genome research, 19(12):2317-23.

37. Zhang D, Li S, Wang N, Tan H-Y, Zhang Z, Feng Y. (2020). The cross-talk between gut microbiota and lungs in common lung diseases. Frontiers in microbiology, 11.

38. Chunxi L, Haiyue L, Yanxia L, Jianbing P, Jin S, (2020). The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence. Journal of Immunology Research, 2020:2340670.

39. An X, Bao Q, Di S, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zhang H, et al. (2019). The interaction between the gut Microbiota and herbal medicines. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 118:109252.

40. Sanna S, van Zuydam NR, Mahajan A, Kurilshikov A, Vila AV, Võsa U, et al. (2019). Causal relationships among the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids and metabolic diseases. Nature genetics, 51(4):600-5.

41. Ahn HL, Song JH, Lee HL. (2020). A Review of the Experimental Studies on the Modulatory Effect Herbal Medicine on Gut Microbiota. Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine, 34(4):43-58.

42. Feng W, Ao H, Peng C. (2018). Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Herbal Medicines. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9(1354).

43. Eng YS, Lee CH, Lee WC, Huang CC, Chang JS. (2019). Unraveling the molecular mechanism of traditional chinese medicine: formulas against acute airway viral infections as examples. Molecules, 24(19):3505

44. Kim BK, Rhee CK, Jung JY, Kang HR, Cho SH. (2016). Current status of microbiome research in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis, 4(5):321-7.

45. Lee KW, Hong MC, Kim WH. (1982). A Literature Study on Correlation between Lung and Large Intestine. Journal of Korean Medicine, 3(2):28-32.