open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
ISSN : 2092-738X
Malaya attained independence on August 31, 1957 from Britain. However this new nation faced a communist insurgency known today as the “Malayan Emergency” (1948-1960). Then in 1961, Tunku announced a wider federation of “Malaysia”, viz. Malaya, British Crown Colonies of Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo, and the protectorate of Brunei. Countering communism was a principal motive for “Malaysia”. Sarawak’s leftist elements were rejected with an armed opposition. Malaysia was formed excluding Brunei. Amidst its birth pangs, Malaysia faced hostile neighbors Indonesia and the Philippines; the former objected by way of Konfrontasi (1963-1967) while the latter laid claim to Sabah (formerly North Borneo). Malaya/ Malaysia was borne in the midst of the Cold War (1947–1991), a bipolar world between the US and the USSR. Malaya/Malaysia is utilized as a case of analysis and evaluation in the context of the twin trends of continuities and transformations in tracing the historical developments from the 1950’s to the 1990’s. The risks, motives, and challenges that prompted the shift in foreign relations reveal as much of the personality of the political leadership, the prevailing situations, and conditions from within and circumstances from without.
Abdul Rahman Haji Ismail. 2004. United Malays National Organization (UMNO (1946): Unifying Malay Nationalism. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor. Ooi Keat Gin, ed. 1365-6. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio.
Ahmad Faiz Hamid. 2005. Malaysia and South-South Cooperation during Mahathir’s Era: Determining Factors and Implications. Subang Jaya, Malaysia: Pelanduk.
Amer, Ramses. 2004. Sabah Claim: Unsettled Dispute. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor. Ooi Keat Gin, ed. 1163-4. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio.
Andaya, Barbara Watson and Leonard Y. Andaya. 2001. A History of Malaysia. 2nd ed. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Anuar Nik Mahmud. 1998. Tunku Abdul Rahman and his role in the Baling talks: A documentary history. Kuala Lumpur: Memorial Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, Arkib Negara Malaysia.
Badriyah Haji Salleh. 2004. May 13, 1969 (Malaysia): Sino-Malay Riots. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor. Ooi Keat Gin, ed. 867-8. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio.
Barber, Noel. 2013. The War of the Running Dogs: Malaya 1948-1960. London: Orion. First published in 1972 by Greenwood Publishing Group, New York.
Bijl, Nick van der. 2012. The Brunei Revolt: 1962-1963. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword.
Bunnell, Tim. 2004. Malaysia, Modernity and the Multimedia Super Corridor: A Critical Geography of Intelligent Landscape. London: Routledge.
Chapman, Frederick Spencer. 2014. The Jungle Is Neutral: A soldier's three- year escape from the Japanese Army. 4th ed. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Pte Ltd. First published in 1949 by W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York.
Cheah Boon Kheng. 2012. Red Star over Malaya: Resistance and Social Conflict During and After the Japanese Occupation of Malaya, 1941-46. 4th ed. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press. First published in 1983 by Singapore University Press, Singapore.
Chin Kin Wah. 1983. The Defence of Malaysia and Singapore: The Transformation of a Security System, 1957-1971. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chin Ung-Ho. 1996. Chinese Politics in Sarawak: A Study of the Sarawak United People's Party. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Cribb, Robert. 2004. Gestapu Affair (1965): Annihilation of the Left. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor. Ooi Keat Gin, ed. 544-5. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio.
Daves, Joseph H. 2013. The Indonesian Army from Revolusi to Reformasi: Volume 1 - The Struggle for Independence and the Sukarno Era. n.p.: Author. Printed by CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Department of Foreign Affairs, Manila. 1962. “Cession and Transfer of the Territory of North Borneo by His Highness, Sultan Mohammad Esmail Kiram, Sultan of Sulu, Acting with the Consent and Approval of the Ruma Bechara, in Council Assembled, to the Republic of the Philippines.” 24 April 1962.
Dhillon, Karminder Singh. 2009. Malaysian Foreign Policy in the Mahathir Era 1981-2003: Dilemmas of Development. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press.
Faisal S. Hazis. 2011. Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Furuoka, F. 2007. Malaysia-Japan Relations under the Mahathir Administration: Case Studies of the “Look East” policy and Japanese Investment in Malaysia. Asian Survey 47(3): 505-519.
Haacke, Jurgen. 2003. ASEAN's Diplomatic and Security Culture: Origins, Development and Prospects. London: Routledge.
Hack, Karl. 2015. The Malayan Emergency: British Counterinsurgency Phases and the Triumph of Geo-demographic Control. A History of Counterinsurgency. 2 vols. Gregory Fremont-Barnes, ed. 125-76. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
Haji Zaini Haji Ahmad, ed. n.d. Partai Rakyat Brunei / The People’s Party of Brunei: Selected Documents / Dokumen Terpilih. Petaling Jaya: INSAN (Institute of Social Analysis).
Hamidin Abdul Hamid. 2003. In Pursuit of Equality: Malaysia-Africa Relations in the 1990s. Jati, 8. http://jati-dseas.um.edu.my/filebank/published_article/4264/4.%20067-084%20Hamidin..%20In%20Pursuit%20of%20Equality..%20Jati%208.pdf (Accessed April 7, 2016).
Hamzah, B. A. 1992. Southeast Asia and Regional Peace: A Study of the Southeast Asian Concept of Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (Zopfan). Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Strategic and International Studies.
Hanggi, Heiner. 1991. ASEAN and the ZOPFAN Concept Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Hara Fujio. 2004a. Kempei-tai. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor. Ooi Keat Gin, ed. 720. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio.
Hara Fujio. 2004b. Sook Ching. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor. Ooi Keat Gin, ed. 1230. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio.
Heng Pek Koon. 1988. Chinese Politics in Malaysia: A History of the Malaysian Chinese Association. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Henningham, S. and Velibor Bobo Kovac. 1995. The Pacific Island States: Security and Sovereignty in the Post-Cold War World. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.
Hughes, John. 2015. End of Sukarno:A Coup That Misfired: A Purge That Ran Wild. 4th ed. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet.
Jomo K.S. 1985. The Sun Also Sets: Lessons in Looking East. Kuala Lumpur: INSAN (Institute of Social Analysis).
Jomo K.S. 2003. Mahathir’s Economic Legacy. Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia, 4. http://kyotoreview.org/issue-4/mahathirseconomic-legacy/ (Accessed 7 Apr 2016).
Kadir Mohamad. 2015. Malaysia Singapore: Fifty Years of Contentions, 1965-2015. Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press.
Khong Kim Hoong. 2003. Merdeka! British Rule and the Struggle for Independence in Malaya, 1945-1957. Petaling Jaya: Strategic Information Research Development.
Kratoska, Paul H. 1998. The Japanese Occupation of Malaya, 1941-1945. London: C. Hurst & Co Ltd.
Lau, Albert. 1991. The Malayan Union Controversy, 1942-1948. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Lau, Albert. 1998. A Moment of Anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the Politics of Disengagement. Singapore: Times Academic Press.
Luping, Herman J. 1994. Sabah's Dilemma: The Political History of Sabah, 1960-1994. Kuala Lumpur: Magnus Books.
Mahathir bin Mohamad. 1993. Perspectives on Islam and the Future of Muslims. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM).
Mahathir bin Mohamad. 1995. Islam and the Muslim Ummah: Selected Speeches. Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Publications for the Prime Minister’s Department.
Malaysian Solidarity Convention. 1982. Declaration by the convenors of the Malaysian Solidarity Convention. [Microform]. Singapore: National University of Singapore Library.
Mohamad Noordin Sopiee. 2013. From Malayan Union to Singapore Separation: Political Unification in the Malaysia Region, 1945-65. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya. First published in 1974 by University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur.
Ooi Keat Gin. 2012. The Cold War and British Borneo: Impact and Legacy, 1945-63. Southeast Asia and the Cold War. Albert Lau, ed. 102-32. London: Routledge.
Ooi Keat Gin. 2016. Borneo in the Early Modern Period ca. late fourteenth to ca. late seventeenth centuries. Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1350-1800. Ooi Keat Gin and Hoang Anh Tuan, ed. 88-102. London: Routledge.
Pham, P. L. 2010. Ending ‘East of Suez’: The British Decision to Withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore 1964-1968. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Porritt, Vernon L. 2004. The Rise and Fall of Communism in Sarawak, 1940-1990. Clayton, VIC: Monash Papers on Southeast Asia, Monash Asia Institute.
Poulgrain, Gregory. 1997. The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia, 1945-1965. Bathurst, Australia: Crawford House.
Republic Act No. 5446. 1968. An Act to amend section one of Republic Act numbered Thirty hundred and forty-six, entitled “An Act to define the baselines of the territorial sea of the Philippines”, Republic Act No. 5446, September 18, 1968, as amended by R.A. 9522. http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1968/ra_5446_1968.html (Accessed 3 Apr 2016).
Saravanamuttu, Johan. 2010. Malaysia's Foreign Policy, the First Fifty Years: Alignment, Neutralism, Islamism. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Shahidah bt Abdul Razak. 2008. Malaysia in the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC): An Evaluative Study (1969-2004). Master of Human Sciences (Political Science), International Islamic University.
Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh. 2013. Malaysia's role in revitalising OIC. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia. New Straits Times, 14 Mar 2013; reprinted in: http://www.ikim.gov.my/index.php/en/new-straittimes/6915-malaysias-role-in-revitalising-oic (Accessed 7 Apr 2016).
Stockwell, Anthony J. 1984. British Imperial Policy and Decolonization in Malaya, 1942-52. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 13(1): 68-87.
Stockwell, Anthony J. 1993. ‘A Widespread and Long-Concocted Plot to Overthrow the Government in Malaya?’ The Origins of the Malayan Emergency. Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 31(3): 66-88.
Stubbs, Richard. 1989. Hearts and Minds in Guerrilla Warfare: The Malayan Emergency 1948-1960. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Tan Tai Yong. 2008. Creating “Greater Malaysia”: Decolonization and the Politics of Merger. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Taylor, Robert. 2015. General Ne Win: A Political Biography. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Wain, Barry. 2009. Malaysian Maverick: Mahathir Mohamad in Turbulent Times. 2nd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.
Zimmer, Louis B. 2011. The Vietnam War Debate: Hans J. Morgenthau and the Attempt to Halt the Drift into Disaster. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.