바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

The Effect of Corporate Governance Practices on Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

Asian Journal of Business Environment / Asian Journal of Business Environment, (P)2765-6934; (E)2765-7027
2016, v.6 no.1, pp.5-12
Hussain Muhammad (Department of Management)
Ashfaq U. Rehman (Department of Political Science, University of Pes)
Muhammad Waqas (Department of Management Sciences, Globa)

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of corporate governance practices such as (board size, board composition, CEO duality and audit committee) on the performance of selected Pakistani firms. Research design, data, and methodology – This study examines corporate governance structure by using the data of 80 non-financial firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange Pakistan during 2010-2014. Hypotheses of the study were tested by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Result – The findings indicate that board size and audit committee is positively related to the firm performance (ROA & ROE). In contrast, board composition and CEO duality are negatively related to the firm performance (ROA & ROE). As far as controlling variables is concerned, leverage is negative, whereas firm size is positively related to all measures of performance. Conclusions – Empirical findings concluded that corporate governance practices affect the firm performance. Therefore, it is suggested that managers should understand the governance mechanisms to work more efficiently in the firm.

keywords
Corporate Governance Practices, Firm Performance (ROA & ROE), Pakistani Firms.

Reference

1.

Abor, J., & Biekpe, N. (2007). Corporate governance, ownership structure and performance of SMEs in Ghana: implications for financing opportunities. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 7(3), 288–300.

2.

Agrawal, A., & Knoeber, C. R. (1996). Firm Performance and Mechanisms to Control Agency Problems between Managers and Shareholders. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 31(3), 377-397.

3.

Anderson, R. C., Mansi, S. A., & Reeb, D. M. (2004). Board characteristics, accounting report integrity, and the cost of debt. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 37(3), 315–342.

4.

Balasubramanian, N., Black, B. S., & Khanna, V. (2010). The relation between firm-level corporate governance and market value: A case study of India. Emerging Markets Review, 11(4), 319–340.

5.

Boone, A. L., Casares-Field, L., Karpoff, J. M., & Raheja, C. G. (2007). The determinants of corporate board size and composition: An empirical analysis. Journal of Financial Economics, 85(1), 66–101.

6.

Brennan, N. (2006). Boards of Directors and Firm Performance:is there an expectations gap? Corporate Governance: An International Review, 14(6), 577–593.

7.

Broberg, P., Tagesson, T., & Collin, S. O. (2009). What explains variation in voluntary disclosure? A study of the annual reports of corporations listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Journal of Management & Governance, 14(4), 351–377.

8.

Brown, L. D., & Caylor, M. L. (2006). Corporate Governance and Firm Operating Performance. SSRN Journal. Retrieved May 11, 2009, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.814205

9.

Cadbury, A. (1992). Report of the committee on the financial aspects of corporate governance. London, UK.:The Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance & Gee & Co. Ltd.

10.

Chan, K. C., & Li, J. (2008). Audit Committee and Firm Value:Evidence on Outside Top Executives as Expert-Independent Directors. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 16(1), 16–31.

11.

Cheng, S. (2008). Board size and the variability of corporate performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 87(1), 157–176.

12.

Cho, D. S., & Kim, J. (2007). Outside Directors, Ownership Structure and Firm Profitability in Korea. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(2), 239–250.

13.

Coles, J., Daniel, N., & Naveen, L. (2008). Boards: Does one size fit all?. Journal of Financial Economics, 87(2), 329–356.

14.

Coles, J. W., Mcwilliams, V. B., & Sen, N. (2001). An examination of the relationship of governance mechanisms to performance. Journal of Management, 27(1), 23–50.

15.

Dalton, D. R., Daily, C. M., Johnson, J. L., & Ellstrand, A. E. (1999). Number of directors and financial performance: a meta-analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 42(6), 674–686.

16.

Davidson, R., Goodwin-Stewart, J., & Kent, P. (2005). Internal governance structures and earnings management. Accounting and Finance, 45(2), 241–267.

17.

De Andres, P., Azofra, V., & Lopez, F. (2005). Corporate Boards in OECD Countries: size, composition, functioning and effectiveness. Corporate Governance:An International Review, 13(2), 197–210.

18.

Dwivedi, N., & Jain, A. K. (2005). Corporate Governance and Performance of Indian Firms: The Effect of Board Size and Ownership. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 17(3), 161–172.

19.

Ehikioya, B. I. (2009). Corporate governance structure and firm performance in developing economies: evidence from Nigeria. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 9(3), 231–243.

20.

Eisenberg, T., Sundgren, S. & Wells, M. T. (1998). Large board size and decreasing firm value in small firms. Journal of Financial Economics, 48(1), 35-54.

21.

Elsayed, K. (2007). Does CEO Duality Really Affect Corporate Performance? Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(6), 1203–1214.

22.

Engel, E., Hayes, R. M., & Wang, X. (2010). Audit committee compensation and the demand for monitoring of the financial reporting process. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 49(1-2), 136–154.

23.

Erickson, J., Park, Y. W., Reising, J., & Shin, H.-H. (2005). Board composition and firm value under concentrated ownership: the Canadian evidence. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 13(4), 387–410.

24.

Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of Ownership and Control. Journal of Lawand Economics, 26(2), 301-325.

25.

Ghosh, S. (2006). Do board characteristics affect corporate performance? Firm-level evidence for India. Applied Economics Letters, 13(7), 435–443.

26.

Iwasaki, I. (2008). The determinants of board composition in a transforming economy: Evidence from Russia. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(5), 532–549.

27.

Jackling, B., & Johl, S. (2009). Board structure and firm performance:evidence from India’s top companies. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(4), 492–509.

28.

Jensen, M. C. (1986). Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers. American Review papers and Proceedings, 76 (2), 323-9.

29.

Jensen, M. C. (1993). The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems. The Journal of Finance, 48(3), 831-880.

30.

Kent, P., & Stewart, J. (2008). Corporate governance and disclosures on the transition to International Financial Reporting Standards. Accounting & Finance, 48, 649–671.

31.

Kiel, G. C., & Nicholson, G. J. (2003). Board Composition and Corporate Performance: how the Australian experience informs contrasting theories of corporate governance. Corporate Governance, 11(3), 189–205.

32.

Klein, A. (1998). Firm Performance and Board Committee Structure1. Journal of Lawand Economics, 41(1), 275–304.

33.

Klein, A. (2002). Audit committee, board of director characteristics, and earnings management. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 33(3), 375–400.

34.

Kota, H. B., & Tomar, S. (2010). Corporate governance practices in Indian firms. Journal of Management and Organization, 16(2), 266–279.

35.

Krishnan, J. (2005). Audit Committee Quality and Internal Control: An Empirical Analysis. The Accounting Review, 80(2), 649–675.

36.

Lo, K. (2003). Economic consequences of regulated changes in disclosure: the case of executive compensation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 35(3), 285–314.

37.

Mashayekhi, B., & Bazaz, M. S. (2008). Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Iran. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 4(2), 156–172.

38.

Muhammad, H., Shah, B., & Islam, Z. ul. (2014). The Impact of Capital Structure on Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 5(2), 13–20.

39.

Muth, M., & Donaldson, L. (1998). Stewardship Theory and Board Structure: a contingency approach. Corporate Governance, 6(1), 5–28.

40.

O’Connell, V., & Cramer, N. (2010). The relationship between firm performance and board characteristics in Ireland. European Management Journal, 28(5), 387–399.

41.

Palmon, O., & Wald, J. K. (2002). Are two heads better than one? The impact of changes in management structure on performance by firm size. Journal of Corporate Finance, 8(3), 213–226.

42.

Pass, C. (2004). Corporate governance and the role of non‐executive directors in large UK companies: an empirical study. Corporate Governance, 4(2), 52–63.

43.

Pearce, J. A., & Zahra, S. A. (1992). Board composition from a strategic contingency perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 29(4), 411–438.

44.

Rainsbury, E. A., Bradbury, M. E., & Cahan, S. F. (2008). Firm characteristics and audit committees complying with ‘best practice’membership guidelines. Accounting and Business Research, 38(5), 393–408.

45.

Rhoades, D. L., Rechner, P. L., & Sundaramurthy, C. (2001). A Meta-analysis of Board Leadership Structure and Financial Performance: are "two heads better than one"? Corporate Governance, 9(4), 311–319.

46.

Rosenstein, S., & Wyatt, J. G. (1990). Outside directors, board independence, and shareholder wealth. Journal of Financial Economics, 26(2), 175–191.

47.

Sah, R. K., & Stiglitz, J. E. (1991). The Quality of Managers in Centralized Versus Decentralized Organizations. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(1), 289–295.

48.

Salehi, M., & Asgari, A. (2013). Corporate governance and earnings quality: the Iranian evidence. Journal of Distribution Science, 11(6), 5–11.

49.

Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). A Survey of Corporate Governance. The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737.

50.

Spanos, L. J. (2005). Corporate governance in Greece: developments and policy implications. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 5(1), 15–30.

51.

Saparovna, M. K., & Sayatovna, S. M. (2015). Features of Corporate Governance in Kazakhstan. The East Asian Journal of Business Management, 5(2), 15–22.

52.

Yermack, D. (1996). Higher market valuation of companies with a small board of directors. Journal of Financial Economics, 40(2), 185–211.

Asian Journal of Business Environment