Risk Factor and Mortality in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism Combined with Infectious Disease
Sunmi Ju (Gyeongsang National University)
Ju Young Kim (Gyeongsang National University)
Tae Hoon Kim (Gyeongsang National University)
Jung-Wan Yoo (Gyeongsang National University)
Seung Jun Lee (Gyeongsang National University)
Yu Ji Cho (Gyeongsang National University)
정이영 (경상대학교)
전경녀 (경상대학교)
이종덕 (경상대학교)
김호철 (경상대학교)
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
Abstract
Background: Infectious conditions may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. The purpose of this study wasto evaluate the risk factor for combined infectious disease and its influence on mortality in patients with pulmonaryembolism (PE). Methods: Patients with PE diagnosed based on spiral computed tomography findings of the chest were retrospectivelyanalyzed. They were classified into two groups: patients who developed PE in the setting of infectious disease or thosewith PE without infection based on review of their medical charts. Results: Of 258 patients with PE, 67 (25.9%) were considered as having PE combined with infectious disease. The sites ofinfections were the respiratory tract in 52 patients (77.6%), genitourinary tract in three patients (4.5%), and hepatobiliarytract in three patients (4.5%). Underlying lung disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.926–7.081;p<0.001), bed-ridden state (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.390–5.811; p=0.004), and malignant disease (OR, 1.867; 95% CI, 1.017–3.425; p=0.044) were associated with combined infectious disease in patients with PE. In-hospital mortality was higher inpatients with PE combined with infectious disease than in those with PE without infection (24.6% vs. 11.0%, p=0.006). Inthe multivariate analysis, combined infectious disease (OR, 4.189; 95% CI, 1.692–10.372; p=0.002) were associated withnon-survivors in patients with PE. Conclusion: A substantial portion of patients with PE has concomitant infectious disease and it may contribute amortality in patients with PE.
- keywords
- Pulmonary Embolism, Infectious Disease, Mortality
참고문헌
1. Goldhaber SZ. Pulmonary embolism. Lancet 2004;363:1295-305.
2. Heit JA. Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015;12:464-74.
3. Hong J, Lee JH, Yhim HY, Choi WI, Bang SM, Lee H, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in Korea from 2009 to 2013. PLoS One 2018;13:e0191897.
4. Jang MJ, Bang SM, Oh D. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in Korea: from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9:85-91.
5. Anderson FA Jr, Spencer FA. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003;107(23 Suppl 1):I9-16.
6. Heit JA. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Clin Chest Med 2003;24:1-12.
7. Smeeth L, Cook C, Thomas S, Hall AJ, Hubbard R, Vallance P. Risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after acute infection in a community setting. Lancet 2006;367:1075-9.
8. Grainge MJ, West J, Card TR. Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease:a cohort study. Lancet 2010;375:657-63.
9. Cervantes J, Rojas G. Virchow’s Legacy: deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. World J Surg 2005;29 Suppl 1:S30-4.
10. Bhagat K, Moss R, Collier J, Vallance P. Endothelial “stunning”following a brief exposure to endotoxin: a mechanism to link infection and infarction? Cardiovasc Res 1996;32:822-9.
11. Copur AS, Smith PR, Gomez V, Bergman M, Homel P. HIV infection is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2002;16:205-9.
12. Wijarnpreecha K, Thongprayoon C, Panjawatanan P, Ungprasert P. Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hepatol 2017;16:514-20.
13. Schimanski S, Linnemann B, Luxembourg B, Seifried E, Jilg W, Lindhoff-Last E, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with venous thromboembolism of immunocompetent adults:a case-control study. Ann Hematol 2012;91:597-604.
14. Paran Y, Halutz O, Swartzon M, Schein Y, Yeshurun D, Justo D. Venous thromboembolism and cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent adults. Isr Med Assoc J 2007;9:757-8.
15. Yildiz H, Zech F, Hainaut P. Venous thromboembolism associated with acute cytomegalovirus infection: epidemiology and predisposing conditions. Acta Clin Belg 2016;71:231-4.
16. Kiser KL, Badowski ME. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pharmacotherapy 2010;30:1292-302.
17. Lozinguez O, Arnaud E, Belec L, Nicaud V, Alhenc-Gelas M, Fiessinger JN, et al. Demonstration of an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and venous thromboembolic disease. Thromb Haemost 2000;83:887-91.
18. Koster T, Rosendaal FR, Lieuw-A-Len DD, Kroes AC, Emmerich JD, van Dissel JT. Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG seropositivity and risk of deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet 2000;355:1694-5.
19. Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:309-32.
20. Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM, Sanchez O, Aujesky D, Bounameaux H, et al. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:165-71.
21. Gardlund B. Fatal pulmonary embolism in hospitalized nonsurgical patients. Acta Med Scand 1985;218:417-21.
22. Gardlund B. Randomised, controlled trial of low-dose heparin for prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with infectious diseases. The Heparin Prophylaxis Study Group. Lancet 1996;347:1357-61.
23. Belch JJ, Lowe GD, Ward AG, Forbes CD, Prentice CR. Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in medical patients by low-dose heparin. Scott Med J 1981;26:115-7.
24. Alikhan R, Cohen AT, Combe S, Samama MM, Desjardins L, Eldor A, et al. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with acute medical illness: analysis of the MEDENOX Study. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:963-8.
25. Alikhan R, Cohen AT, Combe S, Samama MM, Desjardins L, Eldor A, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients with enoxaparin: a subgroup analysis of the MEDENOX study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2003;14:341-6.
26. Bhandari S, Mohammed Abdul MK, Dhakal B, Kreuziger LB, Saeian K, Stein D. Increased rate of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients with Clostridium difficile infection. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017;23:1847-52.
27. Clayton TC, Gaskin M, Meade TW. Recent respiratory infection and risk of venous thromboembolism: case-control study through a general practice database. Int J Epidemiol 2011;40:819-27.
28. Zhu T, Carcaillon L, Martinez I, Cambou JP, Kyndt X, Guillot K, et al. Association of influenza vaccination with reduced risk of venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2009;102:1259-64.
29. Cohoon KP, Ashrani AA, Crusan DJ, Petterson TM, Bailey KR, Heit JA. Is infection an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism? A population-based, case-control study. Am J Med 2018;131:307-16.
30. Winston CB, Wechsler RJ, Salazar AM, Kurtz AB, Spirn PW. Incidental pulmonary emboli detected at helical CT: effect on patient care. Radiology 1996;201:23-7.
31. Dentali F, Ageno W, Becattini C, Galli L, Gianni M, Riva N, et al. Prevalence and clinical history of incidental, asymptomatic pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Thromb Res 2010;125:518-22.
32. Conget F, Otero R, Jimenez D, Marti D, Escobar C, Rodriguez C, et al. Short-term clinical outcome after acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost 2008;100:937-42.
33. Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism:clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet 1999;353:1386-9.
34. Alonso Martinez JL, Anniccherico Sanchez FJ, Urbieta Echezarreta MA, Garcia IV, Alvaro JR. Central versus peripheral pulmonary embolism: analysis of the impact on the physiological parameters and long-term survival. N Am J Med Sci 2016;8:134-42.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수