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Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of Older Patients with COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases / Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases,
2024, v.87 no.2, pp.145-154
https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2023.0157
Song-I Lee (Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon)
Jeong Eun Lee (Chungnam National University College of Medicine)
Da Hyun Kang, M.D. (Chungnam National University Hospital)
Soyun Kim (Chungnam National University Hospital)
Duk Ki Kim (Chungnam National University Hospital)
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Abstract

The consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are particularly severe inolder adults with a disproportionate number of severe and fatal outcomes. Therefore,this integrative review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics,management approaches, and prognosis of older patients diagnosed withCOVID-19. Common clinical presentations in older patients include fever, cough, anddyspnea. Additionally, preexisting comorbidities, especially diabetes and pulmonaryand cardiovascular diseases, were frequently observed and associated with adverseoutcomes. Management strategies varied, however, early diagnosis, vigilant monitoring,and multidisciplinary care were identified as key factors for enhancing patient outcomes. Nonetheless, the prognosis remains guarded for older patients, with increasedrates of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and mortality. However, timely therapeuticinterventions, especially antiviral and supportive treatments, have demonstratedsome efficacy in mitigating the severe consequences in this age group. In conclusion, while older adults remain highly susceptible to severe outcomes from COVID-19, earlyintervention, rigorous monitoring, and comprehensive care can play a pivotal role in improvingtheir clinical outcomes.

keywords
COVID-19, Older Patients, Prognosis

Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases