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open access
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ISSN : 0376-4672
It is well known that the majority of dental injuries occur in children and adolescent. An injury to the teeth can have serious and long-term consequences, leading to their discoloration, malformation, or possible loss. The emotional impact of such an injury can be far reaching. The majority of dental injuries in the primary and permanent dentitions involve the anterior teeth, especially the maxillary central incisors. Concussion, subluxation, and luxation are the commonest injuries in the primary dentition, while uncomplicated crown fractures are commonest in the permanent dentition. If it is decided to preserve a traumatized primary tooth, it should be carefully observed for clinical and radiographic signs of pulpal or periodontal complications. Radiographs are also examined closely to disclose any damage to the permanent successor. The intervals between reexaminations should be individualized depending on the severity of trauma, the expected type of complications and the age of the patient. Most complications are observed within the first year of the trauma. However, the follow-up evaluation of permanent teeth should continue until treatment of all complications is completed, or until a lost or extracted permanent tooth has been adequately replaced. It is important that the dentist and the other members of the dental team are well prepared to meet the many complex and challenging problems in the care of dental emergencies.
Human immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is defined in terms of “either the occurrence of specific diseases in association with a HIV infection or a CD4 cell count below 200cells/ul” by centers for disease control and prevention(CDC). When performing the surgery of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients, several factors should be considered. First, standard precautions should be performed to prevent infection. It is safe to treat human immunodeficiency virus infected patients if we follow the standard precautions. Second, when making a surgical plan, surgeons have to take account of delayed bone healing and postsurgical infection. This case report presents a case of orthognathic surgery of human immunodeficiency virus infected patient.
The use of autogenous tooth bone graft material has been commercialized since 2008. Autogenous tooth bone grafts always require that the tooth of the patient be extracted, and thus, the use of graft material are limited in many cases. For solution of limitation in quantity and concurrent use of autogenous tooth bone graft material, the grafting of familial teeth has been suggested. It has the following advantages: the teeth of family members are used as bone graft materials, the genetic composition is identical, and potential genetic and infectious risks can be minimized. Because the teeth of family members are used, a good tissue affinity is obtained, and thus, superior bone generation rates compared to those observed for allogenic or xenogenic bones can be anticipated. We used familial tooth bone-graft materials for alveolar ridge augmentation, socket preservation, and maxillary sinus graft in some cases. In most cases, the impacted third molars of their children were prepared as bone graft material and were used for surgery. In one case,the impacted third molar from the patient`s brother was used as bone graft material. We obtained satisfactory result and these cases are reported herein.