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open access
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ISSN : 0376-4672
Purpose: The objective of this study is to numerically analyze and visualize changes in airflow characteristics due to maxillary expansion in pediatric patients using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Materials and Methods: CBCT data from pediatric patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of over 1, habitual mouth breathing, and a constricted maxilla were used. For orthodontic treatment, maxillary expansion was conducted, and CBCT scans were taken before and after expansion. 3D models of the nasal airway, created from CBCT data, were converted into smoothed, mesh-divided models. CFD analysis was conducted and various parameters which can be used to evaluate flow obstruction, including pressure, velocity, and wall shear stress, were analyzed. Results: In the patient with rapid expansion, constriction sites with high pressure, velocity, and wall shear stress distribution were identified in the anterior and posterior regions of the nasal cavity, while in the slow expansion patient, these high pressure, velocity, and wall shear stress distributed constriction sites were found in the anterior and mid-inferior regions of the nasal cavity. In both patients, after expansion, the flow-related variables that were highly distributed prior to expansion decreased, and their maximum values were also reduced. Conclusion: CFD analysis enabled the identification of constriction sites within upper airway before undergoing expansion, and improvement in airflow was confirmed after both rapid and slow maxillary expansion in pediatric patients. CFD analysis on patient specific upper airway models is expected to aid in precisely identifying the problematic areas of respiratory obstruction, thereby assisting in the selection of personalized treatment methods.
Purpose : Dental clinics had a variety of lighting conditions, which could affect digital photography. Digital Single-Lens Reflex Camera (DSLR) was usually used to take intraoral photos. Recently, there has been a growing trend to use smartphones with the advancement of technology. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences of photographs taken with digital and smartphone cameras under different color temperature conditions. Materials and Methods : Three types of camera equipment were used: a DSLR (EOS 800D; Canon, Tokyo, Japan) with a macro lens (EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM, Tokyo, Japan) and diffuser (Lumilab, Gimpo, Korea) and two types of smartphones; Galaxy (Samsung, Suwon, Korea) and iPhone (Apple, California, USA) with Smile line MDP (Smile line SA, St-lmier, Switzerland). All photographs were taken 30 times for every 500°K color temperature from 3500°K to 6000°K. Color information was extracted from the central part of the tooth using image editing software (Adobe Photoshop CS4, Adobe, California, USA). ΔE value was calculated by this formula based on CIE L*a*b* color systems. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 23, SPSS, Chicago, USA), with a significance level of 0.05. Results : In this study, DSLR showed the highest ΔE value followed by iPhone and Galaxy. DSLR showed minimum ΔE value in 4O00°K, iPhone and Galaxy showed in 4500°K. The lowest L* value was DSLR, followed by iPhone and Galaxy. The highest a* value was DSLR, followed by iPhone and Galaxy, except for 4000°K. The lowest b* value was DSLR, followed by Galaxy and iPhone. So DSLR was the darkest, reddest, and bluest of the three equipment. Conclusion : Although there was a significant difference from the actual shade, Galaxy showed the most similar color. Because each device showed different results, it was essential to consider the characteristics of each imaging device.
Objectives: The authors enlightened the physiological halitosis patients to prevent the occurrence of oral malodor by eliminating the physical causes that contribute to causing oral malodor on their own. We would like to propose a personalized counseling procedure that can help the physiological halitosis patients escape from their oral malodor. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined the medical records of 148 adult men and women aged 19 or older who visited the KUMC Oral Malodor Clinic from 2017 to 2023, diagnosed with physiological halitosis, and instructed on oral malodor prevention methods through a personalized counseling program designed by the authors. We investigated and recorded 15 variables excluding the patient's personal information, analyzed them statistically, classified statistically significant variables that could contrib ute to the occurrence of oral malodor, and analyzed the correlation between these variables to identify statistically significant variables. Results: In order to secure data for individual counseling instruction, the results of a saliva test, the photographs of the tongue condi tion taken and read, and recording of imaging of the throat using an intraoral camera and reading were required. Conclusions: After comprehensively analyzing all information obtained from patients with physiological halitosis and inferring cor relations, personalized counseling contents were organized into visual materials to provide personalized counseling for the prevention of physiological halitosis, and a personalized counseling by these materials could be suggested as one of the physiological halitosis prevention methods.
Purpose: This study examines factors influencing re-treatment for rehabilitation following maxillofacial trauma from industrial accidents, focusing on location of trauma site. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 13,306 workers with facial traumas from 2013 to 2023, provided by the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service. Variables such as age, gender, diagnosis, injured area, date of hospitalization, outpatient days, reason for re-treatment, and approval for re-treatment were examined. An analysis of the relationship between trauma site and re-treatment request was attempted using chi-square test. Results: Approximately 15% of patients requested re-treatment. The re-treatment rate was highest in workers aged 40–49 (10.47%). Fractures of the mandible and tooth/alveolar bone injuries had the high rate of re-treatment for rehabilitation (p<0.05). Conclusion: In maxillofacial traumas, the need for retreatment appears to be higher when there are functional problems such as occlusion.
To assess whether dental colleges provide education on effectively managing infectious diseases within the role of dentists as primary care providers for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, a total of 11 domestic dental colleges were examined. The aim was to evaluate whether their curricula included education on managing infectious diseases including severe post-vaccination adverse reactions and the legal aspects pertinent to infectious diseases. Through the analysis of detailed items, eight categories were selected: Immunology, Microbiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Clinical Assessments and Procedures, Side Effects and Emergencies, Infection Control, and Health Care-related Laws. All 11 domestic dental colleges provided sufficient education in the four basic sciences of Immunology, Microbiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology, as well as training on Infection Control and Health Care-related Laws. However, the category of ‘Side Effects and Emergencies’ had the lowest implementation rate, at 80%. A coordinated effort to establish consensus on the required competencies for infectious disease management is needed. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the educational content related to ‘Side Effects and Emergencies’ is necessary.
Cholesterol granuloma is known to be a disease formed by hemosiderin and cholesterol crystals when bleeding occurs while ventilation and drainage are not well performed by inflammatory tissue. It is known to occur mainly inside the tem poral bone that has been undergone pneumatization, and occurrences in the paranasal sinuses have been rarely reported. A 72-year-old female patient visited to our institution, complaining of a sensation that pus had been coming out of her upper right extraction sockets for the past few months ago. She underwent the extraction of her upper right first and second molars a year ago. In the CBCT image, a well-circumscribed and expansile cystic lesion was located in the right maxillary sinus, bulging posterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus, with amorphous internal calcification and sclerotic border. After surgical excision, the lesion was confirmed as cholesterol granuloma with massive ossification by the histopathological interpretation postoperatively.