1. OECD 대한민국 정책센터. 한 눈에 보는 OECD보건지표 2009. 2010;56. Available at:URL:http://www.korea.kr/archive/expDocView.do?docId=26535. Accessed March 5, 2012.

2. Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM. Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type2 diabetes. Nature. 2006;444:840-6.

3. Shoelson SE, Herrero L, Naaz A. Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(6):2169-80.

4. Fried SK, Bunkin DA, Greenberg AS. Omentaland subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects release interleukin-6: depot difference andregulation by glucocorticoid. J Clin EndocrinolMetab. 1998;83(3):847-50.

5. Fukuhara A, Matsuda M, Nishizawa M, Segawa K, Tanaka M, Kishimoto K, et al. Visfatin: aprotein secreted by visceral fat that mimics theeffects of insulin. Science. 2005;307:426-30.

6. Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Takahashi M, Maeda K, Kotani K, Nakamura T, et al. Enhancedexpression of PAI-1 in visceral fat: possible contributor to vascular disease in obesity. Nat Med.1996;2:800-3.

7. Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, Brown EJ, Banerjee RR, Wright CM, et al. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 2001;409:307-12.

8. Zheng T, Shu G, Yang Z, Mo S, Zhao Y, MeiZ. Antidiabetic effect of total saponins from Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. in type 2 diabeticrats. Ethnopharmacol. 2012;139(3):814-21.

9. Park JS, Lee BC, Doo HK, An YM, An SY.The Effects of Supungsunki-hwan on High Fat,High Carbohydrate Diet-induced Obese Type 2Diabetic Mouse Model. Korean J Orient Int Med. 2009;30(2):257-69.

10. Lu DY, Tang CH, Chen YH, Wei IH. Berberinesuppresses neuroinflammatory responses through AMP-activated protein kinase activation inBV-2 microglia. J Cell Biochem. 2010;110(3):697-705.

11. Anti-Glycemic and Anti-Lipid Effect of Ethanol Extract of Supungsunkihwan- gagambang inHigh Fat Diet-induced Obese Mice. J KoreanOriental Med. 2011;32(5):1-11.

12. 전국한의과대학원전학교실. 유편황제내경. 서울:주민출판사. 2006:616.

13. 김호철. 한약약리학. 서울:집문당. 2008:350-2.

14. Cook DG, Mendall MA, Whincup PH, CareyIM, Ballam L, Morris JE, et al. C-reactive protein concentration in children: relationship to adiposity and other cardiovascular risk factors. Atherosclerosis. 2000;149(1):139-150.

15. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med.2002;346(6): 393-403.

16. Lindstrom J, Ilanne-Parikka P, Peltonen M, Aunola S, Eriksson JG, Hemio K, et al; FinnishDiabetes Prevention Study Group. Sustained reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes bylifestyle intervention: follow-up of the FinnishDiabetes Prevention Study. Lancet. 2006;368(9548): 1673-9.

17. 대한비만학회. 임상비만학. 서울:고려의학.2008:143-150.

18. 전국한의과대학 신계내과학 교실. 신계내과학. 서울:군자출판사. 2011:89-96, 300-8.

19. Zhao HL, Sui Y, Qiao CF, Yip KY, Leung RK,Tsui SK, et al. Sustained Antidiabetic Effectsof a Berberine-Containing Chinese Herbal Medicine Through Regulation of Hepatic Gene Expression. Diabetes. 2012;61(4):933-43.

20. Park S, Park JS, Go H, Jang BH, Shin Y, KoSG. The efficacy and safety study of dietarysupplement PURIAM110 on non-insulin takingKorean adults in the stage of pre-diabetes anddiabetes mellitus: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and multicentertrial-pilot study. Trials. 2011;12:38.

21. Shin SS, Jung YS, Yoon KH, Choi S, HongY, Park D, et al. The Korean traditional medicine gyeongshingangjeehwan inhibits adipocyte hypertrophy and visceral adipose tissue accumulation by activating PPAR alpha actions in rat white adipose tissues. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;127(1):47-54.

22. 전국한의과대학 공동교재편찬위원회. 본초학.서울:영림사. 2006:499-500.

23. Byun BH, Seo BI. Effects of Platycodi Radixpowder on Serum Lipid Component of Rats Fed High Fat Diet. Kor J Herbology. 2001;16(2):35-40.

24. Kwon DY, Kim YS, Hong SM, Park S. Long-term consumption of saponins derived from Platycodi radix (22 years old) enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in 90 % pancreatectomized diabetic ratsfed a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr. 2009;101(3):358-66.

25. Klein S, Sheard NF, Pi-Sunyer X, Daly A, Wylie-Rosett J, Kulkarni K, et al. American Diabetes Association; North American Association forthe Study of Obesity; American Society for Clinical Nutrition. Weight management through lifestyle modification for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: rationale and strategies: a statement of the American Diabetes Association, the North American Association for theStudy of Obesity, and the American Society forClinical Nutrition. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(8):2067-73.

26. Pi-Sunyer X, Blackburn G, Brancati FL, BrayGA, Bright R, Clark JM, et al; Look AHEADResearch Group. Reduction in weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: one-year results of the LookAHEAD trial. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(6):1374-83.

27. No authors listed. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)Group. Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-53.

28. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, MatthewsDR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensiveglucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577-89.

29. Gajda AM, Pellizzon MA, Ricci MR, UlmanEA. Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in RodentModels.2012;[4screens]. Available at : URL:http://www.researchdiets.com/system/resources/BAhbBlsHOgZmIkAyMDEyLzA0LzIwLzE0XzQwXzQyXzYzOV9EaWV0X0luZHVjZWRfTWV0YWJvbGljX1N5bmRyb21lLnBkZg/Diet-Induced%20Metabolic%20Syndrome.pdf. Accessed February 26, 2012.

30. Mingorance C, Duluc L, Chalopin M, SimardG, Ducluzeau PH, Herrera MD, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine corrects metabolic and cardiovascular alterations in diet-induced obese mice andimproves liver respiratory chain activity. PLoSOne. 2012;7(3):e34268.

31. Cha JY, Cho YS, Kim DJ. Effect of chicoryextract on the lipid metabolism and oxidativestress in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2001;30:1220-26.

32. Cai D, Yuan M, Frantz DF, Melendez PA, Hansen L, Lee J, et al. Local and systemic insulinresistance resulting from hepatic activation ofIKK-β and NF-κB. Nat Med. 2005;11:183-90.

33. Muoio DM, Lynis Dohm G. Peripheral metabolic actions of leptin. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;16(4):653-66.

34. Clement K, Vaisse C, Lahlou N, Cabrol S, Pelloux V, Cassuto D, et al. A mutation in the humanleptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitarydysfunction. Nature. 1998;392(6674):398-401.

35. Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, RosenbaumM, Leibel RL, Ferrante AW. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:1796-1808.

36. Kanda H, Tateya S, Tamori Y, Kotani K, HiasaK, Kitazawa R, et al. MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulinresistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. J Clin Invest. 2006;116:1494-1505.

37. Gordon S, Taylor PR. Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5:953-64.

38. Mantovani A, Sica A, Sozzani S, Allavena P,Vecchi A, Locati M. The chemokine system indiverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization. Trends Immunol. 2004;25:677-86.

39. Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. Obesityinduces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissuemacrophage polarization. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(1):175-84.

40. Antuna-Puente B, Feve B, Fellahi S, BastardJP. Adipokines: the missing link between insulin resistance and obesity. Diabetes Metab. 2008;34(1):2-11.