The Review of Korean Studies
- P-ISSN1229-0076
- E-ISSN2773-9351
- SCOPUS, ESCI
ISSN : 1229-0076
From Father to Son: 1.5- and Second-Generation Korean Argentines and Ethnic Entrepreneurship in the Argentine Garment Industry
(University of Auckland)
Abstract
Unlike second-generation Koreans in the USA or other developed countries, who generally rejected the small-business preferences of their parents, pursued professional careers and achieved mainstream-oriented mobility, succeeding generations of Korean Argentines have continued to choose work within the garment industry. Based on ethnographic research conducted in Argentina in 2014, this study discusses why young Korean Argentines opt for these career paths and how such a choice reflects the particular migration experiences and settlement history of Koreans in Argentina. While the economic and practical merits of inheriting family-owned businesses have been major drivers in the career decisions of younger Korean Argentines, their settlement and lives are also structurally shaped, as they are embedded in and subject to shifting socio-economic variables stemming from the wider social, economic, and political conditions of the host society.
- keywords
- Korean Argentines, 1.5- and second-generation, ethnic entrepreneurship, Argentine garment industry
Reference
Alba, Richard. 1998. “Assimilation’s Quiet Tide.” In Majority and Minority: The Dynamics of Race and Ethnicity in American Life, 6th ed., edited by Norman Yetman, 327-35. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Alba, Richard, and Victor Nee. 1997. “Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration.” International Migration Review 31 (4): 826-74. 196 The Review of Korean Studies
Barrett, Giles, Trevor Jones, David McEvoy, and Chris McGoldrick. 2002. “The Economic Embeddedness of Immigrant Enterprise in Britain.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research 8 (1/2): 11-31.
Basu, Anuradha. 2006. “Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship.” In The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship, edited by Mark Casson, Bernard Yeung, Anuradha Basu, and Nigel Wadeson, 580-600. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Esteban, Fernando Osvaldo. 2003. “Dinámica migratoria argentina: inmigración y exilios” [Migration Trends in Argentina: Immigration and Exile]. América Latina Hoy 34: 15-34.
Farley, Reynolds, and Richard Alba. 2002. “The New Second Generation in the United States.” International Migration Review 36 (3): 669-701.
Fong, Eric, and Emi Ooka. 2002. “The Social Consequences of Participating in the Ethnic Economy.” International Migration Review 36 (1): 125-46.
Green, Nancy L. 1997. Ready-to-Wear and Ready-to-Work: A Century of Industry and Immigrants in Paris and New York. Durham: Duke University Press.
Granovetter, Mark S. 1995. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Jeon, Gyeongsu. 1996. Segyeui hanminjok (6): jungnammi [Koreans in the World (6): Latin America]. Seoul: Tongirwon.
Kasinitz, Philip, Noriko Matsumoto, and Aviva Zeltzer-Zubida. 2011. “‘I Will Never Deliver Chinese Food’: The Children of Immigrants in the New York Metropolitan Labor Force.” In The Next Generation: Immigrant Youth in a Comparative Perspective, edited by Richard Alba and Mary C. Waters, 229-48. New York: New York University Press.
Kim, Dae Young. 2004. “Leaving the Ethnic Economy: The Rapid Integration of Second-Generation Korean Americans in New York.” In Becoming New Yorkers: Ethnographies of the New Second Generation, edited by Philip Kasinitz, John H. Mollenkopf, and Mary C. Waters, 154-88. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Kim, Dae Young. 2006. “Stepping-Stone to Intergenerational Mobility? The Springboard, Safety Net, or Mobility Trap Functions of Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurship for the Second Generation.” International Migration Review 40 (4): 927-62.
Kim, Dae Young. 2013. Second-Generation Korean Americans: The Struggle for Full Inclusion. El Paso, Texas: LFB Scholarly.
Kim, Kwang Chung, and Won Moo Hurh. 1985. “Ethnic Resources Utilization of Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Chicago Minority Area.” International Migration Review 19 (1): 82-111.
Lee, Gyobeom. 1992. Areuhentina haninimin 25nyeonsa [History of 25 Years of Korean Immigration in Argentina]. Busan: Seonyeongsa.
Lee, Jeong-Kyu. 2006. “Educational Fever and South Korean Higher Education.” Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa (REDIE) 8 (1): 1-14.
Lieberson, Stanley, and Mary C. Waters. 1988. From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Light, Ivan, and Carolyn Rosenstein. 1995. Race, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship in Urban America. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Light, Ivan, and Edna Bonacich. 1991. Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Light, Ivan, and Steven Gold. 2000. Ethnic Economies. San Diego: Academic Press.
Martínez Pizarro, Jorge. 2000. “Migración internacional de jóvenes latinoamericanos y caribeños: protagonismo y vulnerabilidad” [International Migration of Young People from Latin America and the Caribbean: Leadership and Vulnerability]. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)—United Nations. Población y Desarrollo 3.
Min, Pyong Gap. 1984. “From White-Collar Occupations to Small Business: Korean Immigrants’ Occupational Adjustment.” The Sociological Quarterly 25 (3): 333-52.
Morokvasic, Mirjana. 1987. “Immigrants in the Parisian Garment Industry.” Work, Employment & Society 1 (4): 441-62.
Morokvasic, Mirjana. 1993. “Immigrants in Garment Production in Paris and Berlin.” In Immigration and Entrepreneurship: Culture, Capital, and Ethnic Networks, edited by Ivan Light and Parminder Bhachu, 75-95. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Park, Hea-Jin. 2013. “Nobody Remembers the Losers: The Story of Korean Agricultural Emigration to South America.” PhD diss., The Australian National University.
Pécoud, Antoine. 2003. “Self-employment and Immigrants’ Incorporation: The Case of Turks in Germany.” Immigrants & Minorities 22 (2-3): 247-61.
Portes, Alejandro. 1998. “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology.” Annual Review of Sociology 24: 1-24.
Portes, Alejandro, and Min Zhou. 1993. “The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 530: 74-96.
Portes, Alejandro, and Patricia Landolt. 2000. “Social Capital: Promise and Pitfalls of Its Role in Development.” Journal of Latin American Studies 32 (2): 529-47.
Portes, Alejandro, and Rubén G. Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Portes, Alejandro, and Sensenbrenner, Julia. 1993. “Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action.” American Journal of Sociology 98 (6): 1320-50.
Rumbaut, Rubén G. 1994. “The Crucible Within: Ethnic Identity, Self- Esteem, and Segmented Assimilation Among Children of Immigrants.” International Migration Review 28 (4): 748-94.
Son, Jeongsu. 2007. “1960 nyeondae nammi nongeom imin: Beurajil, Areuhentina, Paragwai” [Agricultural Immigration in South America in the 1960s: Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay]. In Jungnammi hanin ui yeoksa [Korean Experience in Latin America]. Gyeonggido: Guksapyeonchanwiwonhoe.
Volery, Thierry. 2007. “Ethnic Entrepreneurship: A Theoretical Framework.” In Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship: A Coevolutionary View on Resource Management, edited by Léo-Paul Dana, 30-41. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Wahlbeck, Östen. 2007. “Work in the Kebab Economy: A Study of the Ethnic Economy of Turkish Immigrants in Finland.” Ethnicities 7 (4): 543-63.
Waldinger, Roger. 1984. “Immigrant Enterprise in the New York Garment Industry.” Social Problems 32 (1): 60-71.
Wahlbeck, Östen. 1986. Through the Eye of the Needle: Immigrants and Enterprise in New York’s Garment Trades. New York: New York University Press.
Waldinger, Roger, Howard Aldrich, and Robin Ward. 1990. Ethnic Entrepreneurs: Immigrant Business in Industrial Societies. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Zhou, Min. 1997. “Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation.” International Migration Review 31 (4): 975-1008.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations