- P-ISSN1976-9849
- E-ISSN1976-9849
Vol.4 No.1
Abstract
A variety of Indonesian plants show different medicinal effects as traditional herbal medicines. Since severe inflammation would lead chronic diseases, regulating inflammatory reactions on time is crucial for protection against worsen conditions. High effectiveness is important as much as easy accessibility and popularity such as local plants named folk medicines. This study shows the effect of commonly using three plants extracts in Indonesia. Carica papaya, Stenchlaena palustris, and Euphorbia hirta were extracted using different solvents which are various percentage of methanol, distilled water, or ethanol. The extracts were examined available concentrations without cell toxicity in human keratinocytes, HaCaT. Also, the effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6, production were evaluated in the cell using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results present the potential of Indonesian herbs extracts as down-regulating agents for inflammation.
Abstract
Cognitive impairment brought by the agglomeration of aggregated beta amyloid and hyperphosphorylation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are the characters of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been treated with several prescribed drugs, however, their low efficacy and adverse effects remain to be overcome. We focused on the anti-inflammatory effect of three herbal complex (Clematis chinensis Osbeck, Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz and Prunella vulgaris Linne) extract (HCE), and explored its effects on cognitive function. We conducted several behavioral tests including the Y-maze, the passive avoidance test, the novel object recognition test to investigate the effects of acute or sub-chronic administration of HCE on cognitive function in hypocholinergic state or Aβ1-42 protein accumulated mice. The Western blot was tried to unveil the underlying mechanism of HCE on its cognitive function. In the results, HCE improved short-term, long-term, and object recognition memory dysfunction. After the administration of HCE, ERK/CaMKⅡ/CREB signaling pathway was activated, BDNF expression levels increased, and GFAP, Iba-1, and caspase 3 levels decreased. These findings revealed that HCE could increase synaptic plasticity in scopolamine- or Aβ1-42-induced memory damaged mice, and reduce neuronal inflammation in Aβ1-42-induced cognitive function impaired mice. To summarize, HCE could ameliorate cognitive impairment brought by scopolamine or Aβ1-42 via increase of ERK/CaMKⅡ/CREB signaling pathway activation, the increase BDNF expression level, and the decrease of the neuroinflammatory factors. HCE could therefore be used as a herbal medicine to treat conditions like AD that cause cognitive dysfunction.
Abstract
This study investigates the neurite outgrowth effect of Xestospongia, a natural marine product, on Neuro2a cells. Neurite outgrowth is a crucial process for the development of new axons and dendrites in response to various stimuli, impacting synaptic plasticity and the brain's ability to reorganize itself. Despite the reported ability of many natural products to induce neurite outgrowth, little is known about the effect of marine natural product extracts on this process. To explore this, Neuro2a cells were treated with Xestospongia extract at varying concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 μg/mL). The results showed that Xestospongia increased both the percentage of neurite-bearing cells and the length of neurites in a concentration-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that Xestospongia induces neurite outgrowth via the PI3K and JNK signaling pathways, as the effects were blocked by PI3K and JNK inhibitors. Halenaquinol sulfate, which is a constituent of Xestospongia, was also found to facilitate neurite outgrowth Halenaquinol sulfate, a component of Xestospongia, was also discovered to promote neurite outgrowth without causing any cytotoxicity. This suggests that it could be the active compound responsible for the observed effect of Xestospongia on neurite outgrowth. This suggests that it could be the active compound responsible for the observed effect of Xestospongia on neurite outgrowth. This study suggests that Xestospongia and its active compound could potentially be developed as a therapeutic agent for promoting neurite outgrowth.