바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

Business Orientation, Goals and Satisfaction of Korean-American Business Owners

Asian Journal of Business Environment / Asian Journal of Business Environment, (P)2765-6934; (E)2765-7027
2012, v.2 no.2, pp.5-11
Jay Sang Ryu (Texas State University)
Jane Swinney (Oklahoma State University)
Glenn Muske (North Dakota State University)
Ramona Kay Zachary (Baruch College)
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed

Abstract

Purpose - This research examined the relationship between business orientation and business goals and satisfaction of Korean-American business owners. Research design/data/methodology - Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and Small Business Orientation (SBO) were the theoretical constructs underlying this research. The responses from 200 Korean-American business owners who participated in the 2005 National Minority Business Owner Surveys were used for data analysis. Results - Noneconomic business goal was positively related to business owners’ SBO tendency, and those with a SBO tendency had the higher business satisfaction than those with EO. Conclusions - The findings suggest that policy makers should develop business assistance programs that correspond with owners’ business orientation.

keywords
Entrepreneurship, Minority Business, Small Business Orientation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Korean-American Business Owners, Small Business Satisfaction.

Reference

1.

Aloulou, W. & Fayolle, A. (2005), “A conceptual approach to entrepreneurial orientation within small business context”, Journal of Enterprising Culture, 13(1), 21-45.

2.

Brush, C. G. & Chaganti, R. (1998), “Business without glamour? an analysis of resources of performance by size and age in small service and retail firms”, Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 233-257.

3.

Campbell, C. A. (1992), “A decision theory model for entrepreneurial acts”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 1(1), 21-27.

4.

Carland, J. W., Hoy, F., Boulton, W. R. & Carland, J. C. (1984), “Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A conceptualization”, Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 354-359.

5.

Cooper, A. C. (1993), “Challenges in predicting new firm performance”, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 241-253.

6.

Cooper, A. C. & Artz, K. W. (1995), “Determinants of satisfaction for entrepreneurs”, Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 439-457.

7.

Colvin, J. G. & Slevin, D. P. (1989), “Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments”, Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 57-75.

8.

Fawcett, J. T. & Gardner, R. W. (1994), “Asian immigrant entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs: A comparative study of recent Korean and Filipino immigrants”, Population and Environment, 15(3), 211-238.

9.

Fischer, E. M., Reuber, A. R. & Dyke, L. S. (1993), “A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship”, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 151-168.

10.

Getz, D. & Carlsen, J. (2000), “Characteristics and goals of family and owner-operated businesses in rural tourism and hospitality sectors”, Tourism Management, 21, 547-560.

11.

Gupta, V. K. & York, A. S. (2008), “Attitudes toward entrepreneurship and small business: Findings from a survey of Nebraska residents and small business owners”, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 2(4), 348-366.

12.

Ibrahim, N. A., Angelidis, J. P. & Parsa, F. (2008), “Strategic management of family businesses: Current findings and directions for future research”, International Journal of Management, 25(1), 95-198.

13.

Jenkins, M. & Johnson, G. (1997), “Entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes: A comparative casual mapping study”, Journal of Management Studies, 34(6), 895-920.

14.

Kim, D. Y. (1999), “Beyond co-ethnic solidarity: Mexican and Ecuadorian employment in Korean-owned businesses in New York City”, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22(3), 581-605.

15.

Kim, D. Y. (2006), “Stepping-stone to intergenerational mobility? The springboard safety net or mobility trap functions of Korean immigrants entrepreneurship for the second generation”, International Migration Review, 40(4), 927-962.

16.

Lee, M.-S., Puryear, A.N., Rogoff, E.G., Onochie, J. & Haynes, G.W.(2010), “Exploring the impact of education on Korean American entrepreneurs”, New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 47-59.

17.

Lumpkin, G. T. & Dess, G. G. (1996), “Clarifying entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance”, The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.

18.

MacDonald, H. (1995), “Why Koreans succeed”, City Journal. Retrieved December 20, 2008, from http://www.city-journal.org/html/5_2_a2.html

19.

Michalos, A. C. (2003), Job Satisfaction, Marital Satisfaction, and the Quality of Life: A Review and Preview. In A.C. Michalos (Ed.), Essays on the Quality of Life (pp.123-144). New York:Springer.

20.

Miller, D. (1983), “The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms”, Management Science, 24, 921-933.

21.

Min, P. G. (1996), Caught in the Middle: Korean Communities in New York and Los Angeles. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.

22.

Minckler, D. (2008), U.S. Minority Population Continues to Grow.www.america.gov. Retrieved December 13, 2008, from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/-May/20080513175840zjsredna0.1815607.html

23.

Minority Business Development Agency (2010), “Number of minority-owned businesses increases but economic parity remains elusive”, U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved February 5, 2012, fromhttp://www.mbda.gov/node/304

24.

Nam, Y. H. & Herbert, J. I. (1999), “Characteristics and key success factors in family business: The case of Korean immigrant businesses in metro-Atlanta”, Family Business Review, 12(4), 341-352.

25.

Park, S. (2002), “Korean-American Entrepreneurs”, CELCEE Digest. Retrieved December 19, 2008, from http://www.celcee.edu/publications/digest/Dig02-04.html

26.

Park, N. & Huebner, E. S. (2005), “A cross-cultural study of the levels and correlates of life satisfaction among adolescents”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 444-456.

27.

Puryear, A. N., Rogoff, E. G., Lee, M. S., Heck, R. K. Z.,Grossman, E. B., Haynes, G. W. & Onochie, J. (2008), “Sampling minority business owners and their families: The understudied entrepreneurial experience”, Journal of Small Business Management, 46(3), 422-455.

28.

Reijonen, H. (2008), “Understanding the small business owner: What they really aim at and how this relates to firm performance”, Management Research News, 31(8), 616-629.

29.

Riordan, D. A. & Riordan, M. P. (1993), “Field theory: An alternative to systems theories in understanding the small family business”, Journal of Small Business Management, 31(2), 66-78.

30.

Runyan, R., Droge, C. & Swinney, J. (2008), “Entrepreneurial orientation versus small business orientation: What are their relationships to firm performance?”, Journal of Small Business Management, 46(4), 567-588.

31.

SBA Office of Advocacy. (2007), “The small business economy: A report to the president”, SBA Office of Advocacy. Retrieved December 13, 2010, from http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/-sb_econ2007.pdf

32.

Soloman, G. T. (2009), “Are we teaching small business management to entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship to small business managers?”, USASBE White Paper Series. Retrieved December 13, 2010, from http://www.usasbe.org/knowledge/whitepapers

33.

Swinney, J., & Runyan, R. (2007). “Native American entrepreneurs and strategic choice”, Journal of Development Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 257-274.

34.

Terrazas, A. (2009), “Korean immigrants in the united states, migration information source”, from http://www.migrationinformation.-org/USfocus/display.cfm?id=716

35.

U.S. Census Bureau. (2012), “Survey of business owners: Asianowned firms”, from http://www.census.gov/econ/sbo/get07sof.html?16

36.

Vesper, K. H. (1980), New Venture Strategies. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.

37.

Wiklund, J. (1999), “The sustainability of the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship”, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. Babson College.

38.

Yoon , I. J. (1997), On My Own: Korean Businesses and Race Relations in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press

39.

Yu, E. Y., Choe, P. & Han, S. I. (2002), “Korean populations in the United States, 2000: Demographic characteristics and socio-economic status”, International Journal of Korean Studies, 6(1), 71-107.

Asian Journal of Business Environment