4papers in this issue.
The development of science and technology has changed many parts of our lives, and it is expected to change our lives in more areas at a faster rate in the future. The field of criminal investigation is no exception. The so-called 'Golden State Killer' case has raised interest and concern about the investigative genetic genealogy in the United States. This article examines the use of investigative genetic genealogy, which has recently become the subject of interest and concern in the United States. Investigative genetic genealogy is an investigative method that identifies suspects by combining traditional genealogical research to DNA analysis. Compared to existing genetic analysis and search, such investigative genetic genealogy is particularly differentiated in the database and DNA profile used. In other words, the existing genetic analysis and search uses a government database called CODIS, whereas the investigative genetic genealogy uses a private or open-source third-party database. In addition, STR profiles are used for existing genetic analysis and search, whereas investigative genetic genealogy uses SNP profiles that can identify more distant relatives of the suspect and reveal personal information, such as predispositions for specific diseases. Concerns about the use of investigative genetic genealogy in the United States are related to whether the use of investigative genetic genealogy violates Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution(hereinafter “Fourth Amendment”). Since the use of investigative genetic genealogy is a new phenomenon in the United States, U.S. courts have not yet directly decided on this matter. However, there have been active discussions on whether the use of investigative genetic genealogy violates Fourth Amendment, and in the end, such discussions have resulted in discussions on whether to apply third-party doctrine to the use of investigative genetic genealogy. In order to regulate the use of investigative genetic genealogy, the Department of Justice released the ‘Interim Policy Forensic Genetic Genealogical DNA Analysis and Searching’(hereinafter “Interim Policy”) in 2019, which provides qualifying crimes for which the investigative genetic genealogy can be used, procedures for using the investigative genetic genealogy, and etc. However, the Interim Policy does not provide any sanctions in case of violating regulations in the Interim Policy. At the state level, only Maryland, Montana, and Utah have established the legislation to directly regulate the use of investigative genetic genealogy so far. Faced with such a regulatory reality on the use of investigative genetic genealogy, it has been claimed that the legislation is needed to regulate the investigative genetic genealogy at federal and state level, or a civilian forensic science oversight board should be established to independently oversee the use of investigative genetic genealogy.
This study examined whether the participation of members in the decision-making process in a police organization affects the change of members' job satisfaction. And by analyzing the moderating effect of the class by dividing the class of police officers into managerial and practitioner levels in the relationship between the two variables, it aimed to further improve job satisfaction through participation in decision-making in the police organization. To conduct this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 304 incumbent police officers. Based on this data, relationship between decision participation and job satisfaction was analysed, and the moderating effect of class was also analyzed using multiple regression analysis methods. As a result of the study, the more police officers recognized the degree of participation in the decision-making process, the better their job satisfaction. Looking at the moderating effect of the class in this process, it was found that the more positively the middle manager perceived participation in decision-making, the greater the satisfaction level changed. Based on these research results, an alternative to improve job satisfaction by expanding participation in decision-making was suggested.
The recognition of the legal and economic value of virtual assets or digital assets in digital spaces is evolving. Recent developments have seen Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs approved in the U.S. and Hong Kong, establishing virtual assets as recognized investment products. Against this backdrop, the European Union (EU) and South Korea have passed laws regulating virtual assets, yet the reality is that ongoing confusion prevails due to insufficient discussion amidst these rapid changes. The incomplete legal framework, confusion over government departmental responsibilities, and domestic restrictions on new industries like GameFi are particularly problematic. Current legislation, which fails to reflect the new status of virtual assets, makes it increasingly difficult to effectively respond to virtual asset crimes, necessitating the establishment of clear legal definitions and handling of virtual assets. In this context, the current virtual asset legislation needs to focus more on addressing fraudulent activities like unfair trading practices, and there is an urgent need to explore improvements in regulatory specifics and corresponding criminal law treatments, including crime investigation methods.
As the number of single-female households increases, their safety is emerging as an important issue. The number of single-female households is increasing due to changes in social values, such as strengthening the value of individual freedom and the pursuit of self-actualization, and changing perceptions of marriage. However, this increasing trend is accompanied by problems such as social isolation and risk of crime, and their safety is also threatened. Concerns about this are growing. Single-female households are easily targets of crime, and are especially exposed to physical safety threats such as home invasions, theft, and sexual violence. Today, digital crime is also threatening their safety. Continuous research is essential to identify the various risks that the increasing number of single-female households may face and to promote social and policy improvements. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the need for effective policies for the safety of single-female households by identifying the characteristics of single-female households and examining and analyzing the interaction between personal, social, and policy factors that affect their safety. . I want to see that. In existing studies on the relationship between crime vulnerability and safety awareness of single-female households, personal factors such as age, economic stability, residential environment, social networks, and media exposure have been found to be factors that influence the safety perception of single-female households. Personal furniture. Social-environmental factors and various policy factors were presented. The important point is that the interaction effect between elements has a greater influence than the influence of each of these elements, and a safety policy that takes this into account must be prepared. Safety policies for single-female households that are implemented uniformly without comprehensive analysis are bound to have limitations. In most cases, facilities for crime prevention are provided in residential areas without considering individual or regional characteristics. Therefore, recognizing that the meaning of safety and security needs may be different even for the same single-female household, we must examine the interaction of personal, social environment, and policy factors that influence when establishing safety policies for single-female households. The safety of single-female households was also considered. We must consider the impact on operations and propose a customized safety policy accordingly.