초록

Abstract

Objective: We conducted to investigate and compare changes in the content of Samhwangsasim-tang according to different manufacturing methods. Methods: The content test of Baicaline, Berberine, and Sennoside A in Samhwangsasim-tang was analyzed using HPLC equipment of LC-2030C 3D. YMC-Pack ODS-A Column was used to separate the surface components. In the HPLC analysis, mobile phase prepared A-0.05% PA in water and B-0.05% PA in ACN, set the flow rate to 1.0 mL/min, and analyzed according to the gradient condition. Results: As a result of the analysis experiment with each extract, the content of Berberine was higher in Formulation-1: Samhwangsasim-tang mixture after extracting individual medicinal herbs, and Formulation-3: Samhwangsasim-tang mixture after extracting individual medicinal herbs+excipient. The content of Baicalin and Sennoside A were higher in Formulation-2: Samhwangsasim-tang extracts, and Formulation-4: Samhwangsasim-tang extracts+excipient. In addition, our results show that it was a significant decrease in the average content of berberine, baicalin, and sennoside A in Samhwangsasim-tang when excipients are included, compared to when they are not. Conclusion: Our finding suggested that the interaction between components due to mixed extraction at specific ratios might enhance or reduce the extraction of main components. In addition, it might be able to be attributed to the interference caused by the addition of excipients when the analysis of marker compound content. Therefore, this indicates the need for research on various extraction and manufacturing methods to enhance the extraction efficiency of marker compounds when producing herbal formulations.

초록

Abstract

Fine dust, known as PM2.5, has emerged as a significant global environmental issue as it can cause problems throughout the human body via respiratory pathways. Numerous studies have established a link between fine dust and neuro-psychiatric disorders, particularly highlighting certain fine dust particles' ability to penetrate the brain and trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, and other responses. Therefore, measures to address this issue are necessary. In this study, we investigated the effects of a mixed extract of Liriope Tuber, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, and Backhousia Citriodora Leaf (LAB) on memory decline and brain inflammation caused by fine dust. When administered nasally for 7 d, PM2.5 led to a significant decline in cognitive abilities, as observed in object recognition and Y-maze tests. However, this cognitive decline was suppressed by oral administration of the extracts. Furthermore, an increase in the main inflammatory cells, microglia, and astrocytes, related to brain inflammation, was observed in the PM2.5- exposed group, which was effectively suppressed by the administration of the extracts. These results indicate that the administration of the compound extract can suppress brain inflammation and cognitive decline induced by fine dust.

초록

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1% worldwide. Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disease with positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), negative symptoms (lack of sociability, depression, and apathy), and cognitive impairment. In the present study, we investigated whether the ethanolic extract of Eclipta prostrata L. (EEEP) ameliorates the cognitive impairment on MK-801-induced schizophrenia animal model. EEEP (50, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and clozapine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 1 h before the test. MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 30 min before the test to induce schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. EEEP (50, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated MK-801-induced cognitive dysfunction in a novel object recognition test. In addition, EEEP (100 mg/kg) alleviated the impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI) induced by MK-801 in the acoustic startle response test. These behavioral changes may be related with normalized ERK signaling in prefrontal cortex of MK-801 treated mice. These results suggested that EEEP might be contributed to as a treatment for schizophrenia, especially in ameliorating cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1% worldwide. Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disease with positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), negative symptoms (lack of sociability, depression, and apathy), and cognitive impairment. In the present study, we investigated whether the ethanolic extract of Eclipta prostrata L. (EEEP) ameliorates the cognitive impairment on MK-801-induced schizophrenia animal model. EEEP (50, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and clozapine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 1 h before the test. MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 30 min before the test to induce schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. EEEP (50, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated MK-801-induced cognitive dysfunction in a novel object recognition test. In addition, EEEP (100 mg/kg) alleviated the impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI) induced by MK-801 in the acoustic startle response test. These behavioral changes may be related with normalized ERK signaling in prefrontal cortex of MK-801 treated mice. These results suggested that EEEP might be contributed to as a treatment for schizophrenia, especially in ameliorating cognitive dysfunction.