Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
- Log In/Sign Up
- P-ISSN2234-7550
- E-ISSN2234-5930
- SCOPUS, KCI, ESCI
ISSN : 2234-7550
Vol.50 No.4
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein synthesis, transport, and folding, as well as calcium storage, lipid and steroid synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) occurs when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen due to increased protein secretion or impaired folding. While the role of ERS in disease pathogenesis has been widely studied, most research has focused on extraoral diseases, leaving the role of ERS in intraoral diseases unclear. This review examines the role of ERS in oral diseases and oral fibrosis pathogenesis. A systematic search of literature through July 2023 was conducted in the MEDLINE database (via PubMed) using specific terms related to ERS, oral diseases, and fibrosis. The findings were summarized in both table and narrative form. Emerging evidence indicates that ERS significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of oral diseases and fibrosis. ERS-induced dysregulation of protein folding and the unfolded protein response can lead to cellular dysfunction and inflammation in oral tissues. Understanding the relationship between ERS and oral disease pathogenesis could offer new therapeutic targets for managing oral health and fibrosis-related complications.
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and post-extraction bleeding and to quantify bleeding risk in patients receiving DOACs. Materials and Methods: The study included 293 patients who were taking DOACs and underwent tooth extraction (414 teeth). The patients were divided into those who had the extraction while taking DOACs and those who discontinued DOACs before the extraction. Bleeding complications were recorded and compared between the patient groups and types of DOACs. Results: Of the 293 patients, 12 patients (6.9%) had post-extraction bleeding. Post-extraction bleeding occurred in 12 of the 414 tooth extraction sites. Among the 246 patients who underwent dental extraction while continuing DOAC therapy, 12 patients (8.5%) had post-extraction bleeding. Among the 47 patients who underwent dental extraction after discontinuing the administration of DOACs, none reported post-extraction bleeding. There was no significant difference in the number of patients with post-extraction bleeding between the two groups (P=0.122). Conclusion: Continuing DOAC therapy during dental extraction does not increase post-extraction bleeding tendency. These results are consistent with those of previous studies.
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of decompression and various parameters that may affect volume change in cystic lesions. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Ewha Womans University Medical Center between 2012 and 2022 for decompression of cystic lesions of the jaw. To measure volume changes, pre- and post-decompression cone-beam computed tomography was performed and reconstructed in three dimensions using Mimics 25.0 software (Materialise NV). A comparative analysis was performed based on sex, age, initial cyst volume, location, degree of cortical layer expansion, and pathologic diagnosis using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: In all 20 cases, the duration of decompression was 7.84±3.35 months, and all patients successfully completed the decompression period without any complications. Significant differences were observed in the reduction rate and shrinkage speed based on the degree of cortical layer expansion. However, only the shrinkage speed (not the reduction rate) showed a significant difference with respect to the initial cyst volume. Significant differences were not observed based on sex, age, location, or pathologic diagnosis. Conclusion: Although the present study involved a small number of cases, the effectiveness of decompression was confirmed. In particular, 3D analysis overcame the shortcomings of previous studies of decompression and allowed earlier resection. Further studies with more patients are required to provide a rationale for these results and identify factors that influence decompression.
Abstract
Objectives: The current in vitro study aimed to assess the effects of ascorbic acid augmented albumin platelet-rich fibrin (AA Alb-PRF) on the wound healing activity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) purported to be a regenerative biomaterial in surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: All assays were performed on three HGF groups, group I: complete media; group II: Alb-PRF, and group III: AA Alb- PRF. Alb-PRF was prepared following the protocol by Fujioka-Kobayashi et al. (2021). For preparation of AA Alb-PRF, 2,500 μg AA was added to the blood pre-centrifugation. All groups were subjected to 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to estimate cell viability and proliferation, scratch assay for migration (0, 4, 12, and 24 hours) and transwell migration assay for chemotactic migration assessment (24 hours). Outcome variables were optical density (OD) for MTT assay, percentage of wound closure in scratch assay, and number of migrated cells in transwell migration assay. One-way ANOVA for MTT and transwell migration assays and two-way ANOVA for scratch assay with Bonferroni correction were performed with significance set at P<0.05. Results: Cell viability and proliferation (OD: 0.684±0.003 and proliferation: 28%) and wound closure (49.92%±1.62% at 4 hours and 61.39%±0.88% at 12 hours) were significantly higher in group III, while group II demonstrated the maximum number of HGFs migrating across the transwell membrane (9.25±2.49) with P<0.05. Conclusion: HGFs demonstrated a significant increase in viability and proliferation along with rapid wound closure in the presence AA Alb-PRF compared to Alb-PRF alone, indicating additional beneficial effects of AA. Thus, AA Alb-PRF potentiates the wound healing activity of HGFs and could be employed in oral, maxillofacial, and periodontal surgeries as a regenerative biomaterial.
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a model to predict the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients with dental infections using an automated machine learning (ML) program called H2O-AutoML. Materials and Methods: Two models were created using only the information available at the initial examination. Model 1 was parameterized with only clinical symptoms and blood tests, excluding contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) images available at the initial visit, whereas model 2 was created with the addition of the MDCT information to the model 1 parameters. Although model 2 was expected to be superior to model 1, we wanted to independently determine this conclusion. A total of 210 patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Dankook University Dental Hospital from March 2013 to August 2023 was included in this study. The patients’ demographic characteristics (sex, age, and place of residence), systemic factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus [DM], kidney disease, liver disease, heart disease, anticoagulation therapy, and osteoporosis), local factors (smoking status, site of infection, postoperative wound infection, dysphagia, odynophagia, and trismus), and factors known from initial blood tests were obtained from their medical charts and retrospectively reviewed. Results: The generalized linear model algorithm provided the best diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic values of 0.8289 in model 1 and 0.8415 in model 2. In both models, the C-reactive protein level was the most important variable, followed by DM. Conclusion: This study provides unprecedented data on the use of ML for successful prediction of ICU admission based on initial examination results. These findings will considerably contribute to the development of the field of dentistry, especially oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Abstract
The upper lip is a functionally and aesthetically important area of the face. Therefore, reconstruction of an upper lip defect needs sufficient consideration to ensure functional and aesthetic recovery. Several methods, such as wedge resection, rotation flaps, advancement flaps, and myomucosal advancement flaps, have been used to reconstruct vermilion defects. However, it is challenging to reconstruct a vermilion defect because of the possibility of residual asymmetry or scars and restrictions to normal lip movement after the reconstruction. We present the case of a 51-year-old female that had an upper lip vermilion defect caused by a dog bite. The lip defect was reconstructed using a mucosal V-Y advancement flap. This mucosal flap was based on the orbicularis oris muscle with a branch of the superior labial artery to ensure sufficient blood supply. Therefore, flap survival was excellent, and there was no constriction of the flaps. Moreover, the color and contour were matched to the adjacent lip tissue, and re-establishment of the white roll and adequate lip volume were achieved. This mucosal V-Y advancement flap technique represents a reliable method to repair mucosal defects without vascular compromise of the flap.
Abstract
In patients with unilateral mandibular condyle hyperplasia, whether to perform condylectomy and orthognathic surgical procedures at the same time or orthognathic surgery in two stages for remains controversial. Reported here is a case of facial asymmetry with mandibular condyle hyperplasia, for which condylectomy and orthognathic surgery procedures were performed at the same time. A 28-year-old woman was presented to our department with chief complaints of left deviation of the mandible and right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) noise. Findings obtained in several imaging examinations led to a diagnosis of facial asymmetry associated with right mandibular condyle hyperplasia. Following 3 months of preoperative orthodontic treatment, in October 2018 under general anesthesia the patient underwent a right mandibular condylectomy, Le Fort I osteotomy, right mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy, and left mandibular inverted L ramus osteotomy. In examinations up to 3 years after surgery, good results were noted. For this case of severe facial asymmetry with mandibular condyle hyperplasia, early surgery and condylectomy were performed simultaneously to significantly shorten the total treatment time. The effectiveness of a surgery-early approach was confirmed by no postoperative findings indicating abnormalities in the TMJ or retroversion.
Abstract
Lipomas, the most common soft-tissue mesenchymal neoplasms in adults, are characterized by the proliferation of mature white adipocytes without cytologic atypia. Lipomas are rarely observed in the head and neck region. We present a case of resection and orthognathic surgical removal of an intramuscular lipoma of the mandible with involvement of the mandibular ramus and condylar head and neck. An 18-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital for orthognathic surgery for the management of facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism. The patient did not present with facial swelling, pain, or temporomandibular dysfunction; however, on radiographic examination, including cone-beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, an infiltrative fatty lesion was observed in the masticator space inside the right mandible, and the adjacent mandible exhibited bone thinning and deformity. Resection of the lipoma was performed along with orthognathic surgery, including a Le Fort I osteotomy for the maxilla and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO). In this case, because the ramus was split using BSSRO, accessing the lipoma intraorally was easy. Consequently, aesthetic scarring was avoided, and no complications, such as unfavorable splitting or pathologic fracture, occurred. Although recurrence has not been observed about 1 year, long-term follow-up should be performed.