ISSN : 0376-4672
The mylohyoid nerve is also called nerve to mylohyoid (muscle). This nerve is a branch from the inferior alveolar nerve, which is very familiar to our dentists due to the frequently used block anesthesia for mandibular tooth treatment. The motor fiber is known to be the main component of the nerve that is distributed in the my lohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric muscle. In this review article, the following contents will be discussed: the naming story based on the etymology, the general route and main function of the nerve, the research related to the failure of inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia, and finally other miscellaneous anatomical research results and their clinical significance.
1. KMLE: KMLE; [Available from: http://www.kmle.co.kr/search.php?Search=mylohyoid%20nerve.
2. n. mylohyoideus [Available from: https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.01.090%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm.
3. Mylohyoid: Wiktionary; [Available from: https://en.wiktionary.3.org/wiki/mylohyoid#:~:text=Etymology,molar%E2%80%9D)%20%2B%E2%80%8E%20hyoid.
4. Maxillary muscle nerve: Wiktionary; [Available from: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%8E%E8%88%8C%E9%AA%A8%E7%AD%8B%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C.
5. Kim Mg. Head and Neck Anaotmy: History of Dentistry; 2021.
6. Claffey E, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of articaine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Journal of endodontics. 2004;30(8):568-71.
7. AlHindi M, Rashed B, AlOtaibi N. Failure rate of inferior alveolar nerve block among dental students and interns. Saudi medical journal. 2016;37(1):84-9.
8. Lee CR, Yang HJ. Alternative techniques for failure of conventional inferior alveolar nerve block. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2019;19(3):125-34.
9. Madan G, Madan S, Madan A. Failure of inferior alveolar nerve block:Exploring the alternatives. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). 2002;133:843-6.
10. Potocnik I, Bajrović F. Failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in endodontics. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1999;15(6):247-51.
11. You TM, Kim K-D, Huh J, Woo E-J, Park W. The influence of mandibular skeletal characteristics on inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2015;15(3):113-9.
12. Barker BCW, Lockett BC. Multiple canals in the rami of a mandible. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1972;34(3):384-9.
13. Arensburg B, Nathan H. Anatomical observations on the mylohyoid groove, and the course of the mylohyoid nerve and vessels. Journal of oral surgery (American Dental Association : 1965). 1979;37(2):93-6.
14. Jidoi K, Nara T, Dodo Y. Bony Bridging of the Mylohyoid Groove of the Human Mandible. Anthropological Science. 2000;108(4):345-70.
15. Khoury J, Mihailidis S, Ghabriel M, Townsend G. Applied anatomy of the pterygomandibular space: improving the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks. 2011;56(2):112-21.
16. Haveman CW, Tebo HG. Posterior accessory foramina of the human mandible. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1976;35(4).
17. Sutton RN. The practical significance of mandibular accessory foramina. Australian dental journal. 1974;19(3):167-73.
18. Bennett S, Townsend G. Distribution of the mylohyoid nerve: anatomical variability and clinical implications. Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc. 2001;27(3):109-11.
19. Wilson S, Johns P, Fuller PM. The inferior alveolar and mylohyoid nerves: an anatomic study and relationship to local anesthesia of the anterior mandibular teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1984;108(3):350-2.
21. Barker BC. Anatomy of the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. Annals of the Australian College of Dental Surgeons. 1969;2:22-38.
22. Stein P, Brueckner J, Milliner M. Sensory innervation of mandibular teeth by the nerve to the mylohyoid: implications in local anesthesia. Clinical anatomy (New York, NY). 2007;20(6):591-5.
23. Altug HA, Sencimen M, Varol A, Kocabiyik N, Dogan N, Gulses A. The efficacy of mylohyoid nerve anesthesia in dental implant placement at the edentulous posterior mandibular ridge. The Journal of oral implantology. 2012;38(2):141-7.
24. Gray H, Vandyke Carter H. Gray's Anatomy. 42 ed: Elsevier; 2020.
25. Gandhi S, Mehta V, Suri RK. Unusual array of neural communications in the infratemporal fossa: Useful for skull base surgery. Morphologie : bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes. 2018;102(339):302-5.
26. Ossenberg NS. Retromolar foramen of the human mandible. American journal of physical anthropology. 1987;73(1):119-28.
27. Shen YW, Chang WC, Huang HL, Tsai MT, Fuh LJ, Hsu JT. Assessment of the Retromolar Canal in Taiwan Subpopulation: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study in a Medical Center. Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich). 2021;7(2):219-27.
28. Truong MK, He P, Adeeb N, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J. Clinical Anatomy and Significance of the Retromolar Foramina and Their Canals: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2017;9(10):e1781.
29. Gamieldien MY, Van Schoor A. Retromolar foramen: an anatomical study with clinical considerations. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery. 2016;54(7):784-7.
30. Tong DC. The great auricular nerve: a case report and review of anatomy. The New Zealand dental journal. 2000;96(424):57.
31. Ryu E-J, Kim D-H. Anatomical insights of the mylohyoid for clinical procedures in dentistry. 2021;34(3):461-9.
32. Shen D, Do Q, Ohyama H, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J. Dual innervation of the mylohyoid muscle by the trigeminal and hypoglossal nerves: A case report. Morphologie : bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes. 2021;105(348):72-4.
33. Krmpotić-Nemanić J, Vinter I, Hat J, Jalsovec D. Mandibular neuralgia due to anatomical variations. European archives of oto-rhinolaryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1999;256(4):205-8.
34. Kumar S, Kumar CJ, Bhat S, Kumar A. Anatomical study of the unusual origin of a nerve to the mylohyoid muscle and its clinical relevance. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery. 2011;49(5):e14-5.
35. Cooper A, Sadr A, Xu L, Tubbs R, Iwanaga J. Variant innervation of the mylohyoid muscle by the lingual nerve. Folia Morphologica. 2021;0(0).
36. Potu BK, Pulakunta T, Ray B, Rao MS, Bhat KM, D'Silva SS, et al. Unusual communication between the lingual nerve and mylohyoid nerves in a South Indian male cadaver: its clinical significance. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie. 2009;50(1):145-6.
37. Sinha P, Tamang BK, Sarda RK. Communication between Mylohyoid and Lingual Nerve: An Anatomical Variation. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(4):AD01-AD2.
38. Sato I, Sunohara M, Ueno R, Yoshida S. Branch of mylohyoid and lingual nerves on submandibular and submental triangles. Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica. 2004;81(2-3):45-8.
39. Valentin G, Cortázar Ay, V. B, Baptiste J, Jourdan AJL. Traité de néurologie. Chez J.-B. Baillière1843.
40. Madeira MC, Percinoto C, das Graças MSM. Clinical significance of supplementary innervation of the lower incisor teeth: a dissection study of the mylohyoid nerve. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1978;46(5):608-14.
41. Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Wiley-Blackwell; 2016.
42. Guyot L, Layoun W, Richard O, Cheynet F, Gola R. Alteration of chin sensibility due to damage of the cutaneous branch of the mylohyoid nerve during genioplasty. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2002;60(11):1371-3.
43. Varol A, Sencimen M, Kocabiyik N, Gulses A, Ozan H. Clinical and anatomical aspects of possible mylohyoid nerve injury during genioplasties. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2009;38(10):1084-7.
44. Oth O, Louryan S, Van Sint Jan S, Rooze M, Glineur R. Impact of the mandibular divergence on the position of the inferior alveolar nerve and mylohyoid nerve: a computed tomography study and its relevance to bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA. 2013;35(3):241-7.
45. Roberts BJ. Mylohyoid ridge reductions as an aid to success in complete lower dentures. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1977;37(5):486-93.
46. Adjei SS, Hammersley N. Mylohyoid nerve damage due to excision of the submandibular salivary gland. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery. 1989;27(3):209-11.
47. Marinho RO, Tennant CJ. Paresthesia of the cutaneous branch of the mylohyoid nerve after removal of a submandibular salivary gland. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 1997;55(2):170-1.
48. Jidoi K, Nara T, Dodo Y. Bony Bridging of the Mylohyoid Groove of the Human Mandible. Anthropological Science. 2000;108(4):345-70.
