Article Detail

Home > Article Detail
  • P-ISSN 1010-0695
  • E-ISSN 2288-3339

Effects of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang on Cerebral Hemorrhage and Edema in Collagenase Induced-ICH Rats

Journal of Korean Medicine / Journal of Korean Medicine, (P)1010-0695; (E)2288-3339
2011, v.32 no.5, pp.100-113





  • Downloaded
  • Viewed

Abstract

Objectives: Brain edema is brain swelling that occurs due to the accumulation of excess water in the brain parenchyma. AQP4 and AQP9 are water-channel proteins expressed strongly in the brain and control water fluxes into and out of the brain parenchyma. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang on brain edema and intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by intrastriatal injection of type IV collagenase(0.23 U/μl, 0.1 μl/min) into Sprague-Dawley rat brains. Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang water extract(1,000 mg/kg) was administered orally three times every 20 hours from 4 hours after ICH operation. Then hematoma volume, brain edema percentage, and water content of brain tissue were measured. Immuno-histochemistry was performed for AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain sections and area % of immuno-labeling was analyzed with image analyzing system. Results:1. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced hematoma volume of ICH induced rat. 2. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced MPO positive neutrophils in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 3. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced brain edema percentage and water content of brain tissue of ICH induced rat. 4. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP4 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 5. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP9 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. Conclusions: These results suggest that Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang decreases intracerebral hemorrhage and brain edema by means of downregulating AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain.

keywords
Intracerebral hemorrhage, Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang, brain edema, MPO positive neutrophil, AQP4, AQP9


Reference

1

1. Klatzo I. Evolution of brain edema. Acta Neurochir suppl(Wien) 1994;60:3-6.

2

2. Sung JH. Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Decision Points in Neurovascular Critical Care. J Neurocrit Care. 2008;1:65-72.

3

3. Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS. Aquaporin-4 and brain edema. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007;22:778-84.

4

4. Cho KH. Medical Management of spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Kor J Stroke. 2003;5: 26-9.

5

5. Xi G, Keep RF, Hoff JT. Pathophysiology of brain edema formation. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2002;13:371-83.

6

6. King LS, Agre P. Pathophysiology of the aquaporin water channels. Annu Rev Physiol. 1996;58:619-48.

7

7. Nielsen S, Nagelhus EA, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Bourque C, Agre P, Ottersen OP. Specialized membrane domains for water transport in glial cells: high-resolution immunogold cytochemistry of aquaporin-4 in rat brain. J Neurosci. 1997; 17:171-80.

8

8. Badaut J, Lasbennes F, Magistretti PJ, Regli L. Aquaporins in brain: distribution, physiology and pathophysiology. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2002;22:367-78.

9

9. 葛洪. 肘後備急方. 上海:人民衛生出版社. 1996: 34-7.

10

10. 김상찬 외. 개정증보 방제학. 서울:영림사. 1999: 180-1.

11

11. Kawashima K, Haruo N, Kogure K. Effect of Oren-gedoku-to on cerebral vascular accident. Pharma Medica. 1988;6:33-6.

12

12. Hayashi T, Ohta Y, Inagaki S, Harada N. Inhibitory action of Oren-gedoku-to extract on enzymatic lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001;24:1165-70.

13

13. Fujiwara M, Iwasaki K. Toki-shakuyaku-san and Oren-Gedoku-To improve the disruption of spatial cognition induced by cerebral ischeamia and central cholinergic dysfunction in rats. Phytotherapy Research. 1993;7:60-2.

14

14. Kim DH, Park SJ, Jung JY, Kim SC, Byun SH. Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang in LPSactivated Macrophage Cells. Kor J Herbol. 2009;24:39-47

15

15. Kang HC. Effects of Scutellariae Radix on Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment of ICH-Induced Rats[dissertation]. Yongin-si, Kyung Hee University; 2010.

16

16. Kim KS. Effects of Coptidis Rhizoma on Brain Edema and Inflammatory Response of ICHInduced Rats[dissertation]. Yongin-si, Kyung Hee University; 2010.

17

17. Rosenberg GA, Mun-Bryce S, Wesley M, Kornfeld M. Collagenase induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Stroke. 1990;21:801–7.

18

18. Paxinos G, Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Waltham:Academic press. 2008:15-8.

19

19. Nathan C. Neutrophils and immunity: Challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006;6:173 –82.

20

20. Filep JG, El Kebir D. Neutrophil apoptosis: a target for enhancing the resolution of inflammation. J Cell Biochem. 2009;108:1039-46.

21

21. Savill J, Dransfield I, Gregory C, Haslett C. A blast from the past: Clearance of apoptotic cells regulates immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2:965–75.

22

22. Malle E, Furtmüller PG, Sattler W, Obinger C. Myeloperoxidase: a target for new drug development? Br J Pharmacol. 2007;152:838-54.

23

23. Lee ST, Chu K, Jung KH, Kim SJ, Kim DH, Kang KM, et al. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of intravascular neural stem cell transplantation in haemorrhagic stroke. Brain. 2008;131:616-29.

24

24. Kim HD. Neurology & Neurosurgery. Seoul: Koonja publishing inc. 2008:136.

25

25. Venero JL, Machado A, Cano J. Importance of aquaporins in the physiopathology of brain edema. Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10:2153-61.

26

26. Agre P, Kozono D. Aquaporin water channels: molecular mechanisms for human diseases. FEBS Lett. 2003;555:72-8.

27

27. Zador Z, Bloch O, Yao X, Manley GT. Aquaporins: role in cerebral edema and brain water balance. Prog Brain Res. 2007;161:185-94.

28

28. Agre P, Saboori AM, Asimos A, Smith BL. Purification and partial characterization of the Mr 30,000 integral membrane protein associated with the erythrocyte Rh(D) antigen. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:17497-503.

29

29. Verkman AS. Physiological importance of aquaporin water channels. Ann Med. 2002;34: 192-200.

30

30. Venero JL, Vizuete ML, Machado A, Cano J. Aquaporins in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol. 2001;63:321-36.

31

31. Nielsen S, Smith BL, Christensen EI, Agre P. Distribution of the aquaporin CHIP in secretory and resorptive epithelia and capillary endothelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:7275-9.

32

32. Hasegawa H, Ma T, Skach W, Matthay MA, Verkman AS. Molecular cloning of a mercurialinsensitive water channel expressed in selected water-transporting tissues. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:5497–500.

33

33. Jung JS, Bhat RV, Preston GM, Guggino WB, Baraban IM, Agre P. Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:13052-6.

34

34. Manley GT, Fujimura M, Ma T, Noshita N, Filiz F, Bollen AW, et al. Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water intoxication and ischemic stroke. Nat Med. 2000;6:159–63.

35

35. Badaut J, Hirt L, Granziera C, Bogousslavsky J, Magistretti PJ, Regli L. Astrocyte-specific expression of aquaporin-9 in mouse brain is increased after transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2001;21:477-82.

상단으로 이동

Journal of Korean Medicine