- KOREAN
- E-ISSN2713-8615
- KCI
E-ISSN : 2713-8615
Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro propagation condition in Calanthe discolor Lindl
Soo-Young Kim
Abstract
We investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and culture medium on embryo swelling and germination of Calanthe discolor Lindl., and established a method for determining the swelling and protocorm formation of C. discolor seeds via in vitro examination of immature seeds. Treatment of immature seeds with NaOCl greatly enhanced the extent of embryo swelling and protocorm formation of immature zygote embryos compared to seeds without NaOCl treatment. The effects of the culture media were also evaluated with regard to embryo swelling and protocorm formation of in vitro cultured seeds with and without NaOCl treatment. Additionally, the effects of white fluorescent light and red and blue LEDs lights on seedling growth in in vitro culture were examined. The most suitable condition for seedling growth after 12 weeks of culture was the red LEDs light with POM medium. These results show effective asymbiotic germination and growth of C. discolor.
- keywords
- chlorophyll, germination, growth, LEDs, terrestrial orchid
Reference
Anderson, A.B. 1996. The re-introduction of Platanthera ciliaris in Canada. In: C. Allen (ed.), Proceedings of the North American Native Terrestrial Orchids: Propagation and Production. North American Native Terrestrial Orchid Conference, Maryland. pp. 73-76.
Arditti, J. and R. Ernst. 1984. Physiology of germinating orchid seeds. In: J. Arditti (ed.), Orchid biology: Reviews and perspectives 3. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
Ault, J.R. and W.J. Blackmon. 1987. In vitro propagation of Ferocactus acanthodes (Cactaceae). Hort. Sci. 22:126-127.
Bae, K.H., C.H. Kim, B.Y. Sun and Y.E. Choi. 2010. Structural changes of seed coats and stimulation of in vitro germination of fully mature seeds of Cypripedium macranthos Swartz by NaOCl pretreatment. Prog. Ornament. Plant 10:107-113.
Bae, K.H., H.K. Kwon and Y.E. Choi. 2009. In vitro germination and plantlet conversion from the culture of fully mature seeds of Cypripedium guttatum Swartz. Prog. Ornament. Plant 9:160-165.
Bae, K.H. and Y.E. Choi. 2013. Factors affecting fruit baring in natural habitat and in vitro culture of zygotic embryos of Cypripedium japonicum. Prog. Ornament. Plant 11:146-152.
Bae, K.H., K.H. Oh and S.Y. Kim. 2014. Sodium hypochlorite treatment and light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation effect on in vitro germination of Oreorchis patens (Lindl.)Lindl. J. Plant Biotechnol. 41:44-49.
Bernard, N. 1903. La germination des orchidées. Revue Générale de Botanique 16:458-475.
Bula, R.J., R.C. Morrow, T.W. Tibbitts, D.J. Barta, R.W. Ingnatius and T.S. Martin. 1991. Light-emitting diodes as a radiation source for plants. Hort. Sci. 26:203-205.
Fast, G. 1982. European terrestrial orchids. Symbiotic and asymbiotic methods. In: J. Arditti (ed.), Orchid biologyreviews and perspectives II. Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing Associates. pp. 326-329.
Fukai, S., K. Fujikawa, K. Okamoto, A. Hasegawa and M. Goi. 1997. Effects of red and blue light on germination and protocorm growth of Calanthe satsuma. Lindleyana 12:169-171.
Gale, S. and C. Drinkell. 2007. Calanthe arisanensis Orchidaceae. Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 24:206-210.
Godo, T., K. Fujiwara, K. Guan and K. Miyoshi. 2011. Effect of wavelength of LED-light on in vitro asymbiotic germination and seedling growth of Bletilla ochracea (Orchidaceae), Plant Biotechnol. 28:397-400.
Godo, T., M. Komori, E. Nakaoki, T. Yukawa and K. Miyoshi. 2010. Germination of mature seeds of Calanthe tricarinata Lindl., an endangered terrestrial orchid, by asymbiotic culture in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant 46:323-332.
Harvais, G. 1973. Growth requirements and development of Cypripedium reginae in axenic culture. Can. J. Bot. 51:327-332.
Harvais, G. 1982. An improved culture medium for growing the orchid Cypripedium reginae axienically. Can. J. Bot. 51:327-332.
Harvais, G. and G. Hadley. 1967. The relation between host and endophyte in orchid mychorriza. New Phytol. 66:205-215.
Hiscox, J.D. and G.F. Israelsham. 1979. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration, Can. J. Bot. 57:1332-1334.
Hyun, M.R., J.Y. Choi, J.N. Suh, I.S. So and J.S. Lee. 1999a. Isozyme and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for genetic relationship among Calanthe discolor, C. sieboldii, and C. bicolor native to Cheju Island. Korean. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 17:141-143.
Hyun, M.R., J.Y. Choi, J.N. Suh, I.S. So and J.S. Lee. 1999b. Studies on distributions and morphological characteristics of Calanthe discolor, C. sieboldii, and C. bicolor native to Cheju Province. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 17:497-499.
Kano, K. 1972. The orchids. Seibundo-shinkosha, Tokyo.
Kauth, P.J., W.A. Vendrame and M.E. Kane. 2006. In vitro culture and seedling development of Calopogon tuberosus. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 85:91-102.
Korea Forest Service. 2008. Rare and Endangered plants. pp. 332.
Kwon, M.K., H.H. Nam, J.J. Sung and J.H. Lim. 2012. Effect of Light-emitting Diodes on growth of in vitro propagules in Gerbera hybrida. Flower Res. J. 20(4):233-237.
Lee, G.J., K.S. Kim, J.S. Kim, J.H. Park, J.B. Kim, D.S. Kim and S.Y. Kang. 2008. A wide array of phenotypic components and their contributions to variations in Calanthe orchid landraces. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 49:418-426.
Lee, J.S. and B.H. Choi. 2006. Distribution and red data of wild orchids in the Korean Peninsula. Kor. J. Plant Taxon 36:335-360.
Lee, Y.I., F.L. Lu, E.C. Yeung and M.C. Chung. 2007. Developmental change in endogenous abscisic acid concentrations and asymbiotic seed germination of a terrestrial orchid, Calanthe tricarinata Lindl. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 132:246-252.
Malmgren, S. 1996. Orchid propagation: theory and practice. In: C. Allen (ed.), Proceedings of the North American Native Terrestrial Orchids: Propagation and Production. North American Native Terrestrial Orchid Conference, Maryland. pp. 63-71.
Mii, M. 1978. Effect of organic solvent pretreatment on germination of Calanthe discolor. Proc. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci. Conf. pp. 330-331.
Mii, M. and S. Kako. 1974. Studies on germination of Calanthe izu-insularis. I. Effect of water treatment and light condition on germination. Proc. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci. Conf. pp. 326-327.
Miyoshi, K. and M. Mii. 1988. Ultrasonic treatment for enhancing seed germination of terrestrial orchid Calanthe discolor in asymbiotic culture. Sci. Hortic. 35:127-130.
Miyoshi, K. and M. Mii. 1995a. Phytohormone pre-treatment for the enhancement of seed germination and protocorm formation by terrestrial orchid, Calanthe discolor (Orchidaceae), in asymbiotic culture. Sci. Hortic. 63:263-267.
Miyoshi, K. and M. Mii. 1995b. Enhancement of seed germination and protocorm formation in Calanthe discolor (Orchidaceae) by NaOCl and polyphenol absorbent treatments. Plant. Tiss. Cult. Lett. 12:267-272.
Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15:473-497.
Nhut, D.T. and N.B. Nam. 2010. Light emitting diodes (LEDs):an artificial lighting source for biological studies. In:Proceedings of the 3rd international conference of the development of BME in Vietnam, 11-14 January 2010.
Park, S.Y., H.N. Murthy and K.Y. Paek. 2000. In vitro seed germination of Calanthe sieboldii, an endangered orchid species. J. Plant. Biol. 43:158-161.
Rasmussen, H. 1995. Terrestrial orchids from seed to mycotrophic plant. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
SAS, Institute Inc. 2003. SAS version 9.0. SAS Institute, North Carolina.
St-Arnaud, M.D., D. Lauzer and D. Barabe. 1992. In vitro germination and early growth of seedlings of Cypripedium acaule (Orchidaceae). Lindleyana 7:22-27.
Stewart, S.L. and M.E. Kane. 2006. Asymbiotic germination and in vitro seedling development of Habenaria macroceratitis (Orchidaceae), a rare Florida terrestrial orchid. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 86:147-158.
Stoutamire, W. 1974. Terrestrial orchid seedling. In: C.L. Withner (ed.), The orchids: Scientific studies. Wiley-Interscience, New York. pp. 101-128.
Ueda, H. 1972. Effects of light and culture medium on adventitious root formation by Cymbidiums in aseptic culture. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 41:322-327.
Vujanovic, V., M. St-Arnaud, D. Barabe and G. Thibeault. 2000. Viability testing of orchid seed and the promotion of colouration and germination. Ann. Bot. 86:79-86.
Warcup, J.H. 1973. Symbiotic germination of some Australian terrestrial orchids. New. Phytol. 72:387-392.
Werckmeister, P. 1971. Light induction of geotropism and the control of proliferation and growth of Cymbidium in tissue culture. Bot. Gaz. 132:346-350.
Yeh, H. and J.P. Chung. 2009. High-brightness LEDs-energy efficient lighting sources and their potential in indoor plant cultivation. Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 13:2175-2180.
Yildiz, M. and E.R. Celal. 2002. The effect of sodium hypochlorite solution on in vitro seedling growth and shoot regeneration of flax (Linum usitatissimun). Natul. wissen. Schffen. 89:259-261.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations