바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

New record of 21 ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Journal of Species Research / Journal of Species Research, (E)2713-8615
2021, v.10 no.3, pp.301-320
OMAR ATEF ISMAIL MOHAMED
Jae-Ho Jung
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed

Abstract

During a field survey of indigenous Korean ciliates, we collected 21 unrecorded species from aquatic (freshwater and brackish water [salinity about 1.0‰] samples) and terrestrial (moss and soil samples) habitats. The morphology of these species was studied based on live observation, protargol, silver carbonate and silver nitrate impregnation, and scanning electron microscope. These species belong to seven classes as follows: 1) class Heterotrichea - Blepharisma seculum; 2) class Spirotrichea - Birojimia terricola, Bistichella variabilis, Deviata bacilliformis, Oxytricha paragranulifera, Parabistichella cf. variabilis, Steinia sphagnicola, Stichotricha aculeata, Stylonychia cf. notophora, and Tetmemena bifaria minima; 3) class Armophorea - Metopus es; 4) class Litostomatea - Acropisthium mutabile, Pseudomonilicaryon japonicum, and Rimaleptus alpinus; 5) class Phyllopharyngea - Podophrya bivacuolata; 6) class Nassophorea - Drepanomonas pauciciliata; and 7) class Oligohymenophorea - Dexiostoma campylum, Frontonia atra, Histiobalantium natans viridis, Opisthonecta minima, and Tetrahymena rostrata. Here, we provide a brief diagnosis and remark for each species

keywords
biodiversity, estuary, moss, redescription, silver impregnation, soil

Reference

1.

Agatha, S. 2011. Global diversity of aloricate Oligotrichea (Protista, Ciliophora, Spirotricha) in marine and brackish sea water. PLoS One 6:e22466.

2.

Berger, H. 1999. Monograph of the Oxytrichidae (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). Monographiae Biologicae 78:1-1080.

3.

Berger, H. 2011. Monograph of the Gonostomatidae and Kahliellidae (Ciliophora, Hypotricha). Monographiae Biologicae 90:1741.

4.

Berger, H. and W. Foissner. 1989. Morphology and biometry of some soil hypotrichs (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Europe and Japan. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 55:19-46.

5.

Bourland, W.A. 2015. Morphology, ontogenesis and molecular characterization of Atractos contortus Vorosvary, 1950 and Stichotricha aculeata Wrzesniowskiego, 1866(Ciliophora, Stichotrichida) with consideration of their systematic positions. European Journal of Protistology 51:351-373.

6.

Bourland, W.A., J. Rotterová and I. Čepička. 2017. Redescription and molecular phylogeny of the type species for two main metopid genera, Metopus es (Müller, 1776) Lauterborn, 1916 and Brachonella contorta (Levander, 1894) Jankowski, 1964 (Metopida, Ciliophora), based on broad geographic sampling. European Journal of Protistology 59:133-154.

7.

Bourland, W.A. and L. Wendell. 2014. Redescription of Atopospira galeata nov. comb. and A. violacea nov. comb. with redefinition of Atopospira nov. stat. and Brachonella Jankowski, 1964 (Ciliophora, Armophorida). European Journal of Protistology 50:356-372.

8.

Buchar, J. 1957. Fauna nálevnikü dolniho úseku patoka botči. Casopis Narodniho Musea 126:137-143 (in Czech with German summary).

9.

Corliss, J.O. 1952. Le cycle autogamique de Tetrahymena rostrata. Paris 235:399-402.

10.

Corliss, J.O. 1973. History, taxonomy, ecology and evolution of species of Tetrahymena. In: A.M. Elliott (ed.), Biology of Tetrahymena. Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa:1-55.

11.

Curds, C.R. 1986. A revision of the Suctoria (Ciliophora, Kinetofragminophora) 4. Podophrya and its morphological relatives. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 50:59-91.

12.

Dragesco, J. and A. Dragesco-Kernéis. 1986. Ciliés libres de l’Afrique intertropicale. Introduction á la connaissance et á l’étude des ciliés. Faune tropicale 26:1-559.

13.

Dragesco, J. and F. Iftode. 1972. Histiobalantium natans(Clap. & Lachm., 1858) morphologie, infraciliature, morphogenése (Holotriche Hymenostomatida). Protistologica 8:347-352.

14.

Dragesco, J. and T. Njiné. 1971. Complements a la connaissance des cilies libres du Cameroun. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun 7-8:97-140.

15.

Finlay, B.J., G.F. Esteban and T. Fenchel. 2004. Protist diversity is different? Protist 155:15-22.

16.

Finlay, B.J., J.O. Corliss, G.F. Esteban and T. Fenchel. 1996. Biodiversity at the microbial level: the number of free-living ciliates in the biosphere. The Quarterly Review of Biology 71:221-237.

17.

Foissner, W. 1975. Opisthonectidae (Ciliata, Peritrichida) nov. fam. und Revision der Genera Telotrochidium (Kent) und Opisthonecta (Fauré-Frermiet). Protistologica 11:395-414.

18.

Foissner, W. 1978. Opisthonecta bivacuolata nov. spec, Telotrochidium cylindricum nov. spec, und Epistylis alpestris nov. spec, drei neue peritriche Ciliaten aus dem Hochgebirge. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 81:549-565.

19.

Foissner, W. 1980. Taxonomische Studien Öber die Ciliaten des Grossglocknergebietes (Hohe Tauern, Österreich) IX. Ordnungen Heterotrichida und Hypotrichida. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Salzburg 5:71-117.

20.

Foissner, W. 1984. Infraciliatur, silberliniensystem und biometrie einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer, limnischer und mariner Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora)aus den Klassen Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea und Polyhymenophora. Stapfia (Linz) 12:1-165.

21.

Foissner, W. 1987. Neue terrestrische und limnische Ciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) aus Österreich und Deutschland. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 195:217-268.

22.

Foissner, W. 1989. Morphologie und Infraciliature einiger neuerund wenig bekannter terrestrischer und limnischer Ciliaten. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 196:173-247.

23.

Foissner, W. 1995. Tropical protozoan diversity: 80 ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in a soil sample from a tropical dry forest of Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new genera and seven new species. Archiv für Protistenkunde 145:37-79.

24.

Foissner, W. 2004. Some new ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora)from an Austrian floodplain soil, including a giant, red “flagship” Cyrtohymena (Cyrtohymenides) aspoecki nov. subgen., nov. spec. Denisia 13:369-382.

25.

Foissner, W. 2014. An update of ‘basic light and scanning electron microscopic methods for taxonomic studies of ciliated protozoa’. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64:271-292.

26.

Foissner, W. 2016. Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galápagos. Denisia 35:1-912.

27.

Foissner, W. and H. Adam. 1983. Morphologie und Morphogenese des Bodenciliaten Oxytricha granulifera sp. n. (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae). Zoologica Scripta 12:1-11.

28.

Foissner, W., S. Agatha and H. Berger. 2002. Soil ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Namibia (Southwest Africa), with emphasis on two contrasting environments, the Etosha region and the Namib Desert. Denisia 5:1-1459.

29.

Foissner, W., H. Berger and F. Kohmann. 1994. Taxonomische und ökologische revision der Ciliaten des saprobiensystems. Band Ⅲ: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationssberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft 1/94:1-548.

30.

Foissner, W., H. Blatterer, H. Berger and F. Kohmann. 1991. Taxonomische und ökologische revision der Ciliaten des saprobiensystems. Band I: Cyrtophorida, Oligotrichida, Hypotrichia, Colpodea. InformationsberichteBayer. Landesamtes Wasserwirtsch 1/91:1-478.

31.

Foissner, W., A. Chao and L.A. Katz. 2008. Diversity and geographic distribution of ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora). Biodiversity and Conservation 17:345-363.

32.

Foissner, W., Y. Kusuoka and S. Shimano. 2009. Morphological and molecular characterization of Histiobalantium natans viridis Kahl, 1931 (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia). European Journal of Protistology 45:193-204.

33.

Ganner, B. and W. Foissner. 1989. Taxonomy and ecology of some ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) of the saprobic system. Ⅲ. Revision of the genera Colpidium and Dexiostoma, and establishment of a new genus, Paracolpidium nov. gen. Hydrobiologia 182:181-218.

34.

Gelei, J. 1954. Über die Lebensgemeinschaft einiger temporärerTümpel auf einer Bergwiese im Börzsönygebirge (Oberungarn) III. Ciliaten. Acta Biologica Hungarica 5:259-343.

35.

He, Y. and K. Xu. 2011. Morphology and small subunit rDNA phylogeny of a new soil ciliate, Bistichella variabilis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 58:332-338.

36.

Isquith, I.R., A.J. Repak and H.I. Hirshfield. 1965. Blepharisma seculum, sp. nov., a member of the subgenus (Compactum). Journal of Protozoology 12:615-618.

37.

Jankowski, A.W. 1967. The boundaries and composition of the genera Tetrahymena and Colpidium. ZoologicheskiĭZhurnal 46:17-23 (in Russian with English summary).

38.

Jiang, J., J. Huang, L. Li, C. Shao, K.A.S. Al-Rasheid, S.A. Al-Farraj and Z. Chen. 2013. Morphology, ontogeny, and molecular phylogeny of two novel bakuellid-like hypotrichs (Ciliophora: Hypotrichia), with establishment of two new genera. European Journal of Protistology 49:78-92.

39.

Jung, J.-H., M.-H. Park, S.Y. Kim, J.M. Choi, G.-S. Min and Y.-O. Kim. 2017. Checklist of Korean ciliates (Protozoa:Ciliophora). Journal of Species Research 6:241-257.

40.

Kahl, A. 1926. Neue und wenig bekannte Formen der holotrichen und heterotrichen Ciliaten. Archiv für Protistenkunde 55:197-438.

41.

Kahl, A. 1931. Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 2. Holotricha außer den im 1. Teil behandelten Prostomata. In: F. Dahl (ed.), Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, T. 21:181-398.

42.

Kahl, A. 1932. Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 3. Spirotricha. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, T. 25:399-650.

43.

Kim, K.-S., J.-H. Jung and G.-S. Min. 2016. A new soil ciliate, Birojimia soyaensis nov. spec. (Ciliophora: Urostylida)from South Korea. Acta Protozoologica 55:135-144.

44.

Kim, J.H., A. Omar and J.-H. Jung. 2019. Morphology and phylogeny of the soil ciliate Parabistichella multilineae sp. nov. (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Hypotricha). Zoological Science 36:242-249.

45.

Kumar, S., D. Bharti, P. Quintela-Alonso, M.K. Shin and A. La Terza. 2016. Fine-tune investigations on three stylonychid (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) ciliates. European Journal of Protistology 56:200-218.

46.

Küppers, G.C. and M.C. Claps. 2010. Morphology and notes on morphogenesis during cell division of Deviata polycirrata n. sp. and of Deviata bacilliformis (Gelei, 1954) Eigner, 1995 (Ciliophora: Kahliellidae) from Argentina. Journal pf Eukaryotic Microbiology 57:273-284.

47.

Küppers, G.C., M.C. Claps and E.C. Lopretto. 2009. Ciliates (Protozoa) from dried sediments of a temporary pond from Argentina. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 80:581-592.

48.

Kwon, C.B., M.K. Shin, S.Y. Kim, S.-J. Kim, Y.-O. Kim and J.-H. Jung. 2019. Phylum CILIOPHORA. In: National Institute of Biological Resources (ed.), National species list of Korea II Vertebrates, invertebrates, protozoans. Designzip. pp. 673-697 (in Korean).

49.

Li, F., Z. Lv, Z. Yi, S.A. Al-Farraj, K.A.S. Al-Rasheid and C. Shao. 2014. Taxonomy and phylogeny of two species of the genus Deviata (Protista, Ciliophora) from China, with description of a new soil form, Deviata parabacilliformis sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64:3775-3785.

50.

Lynn, D.H. 2008. The ciliated protozoa: Characterization, classification, and guide to the literature. Springer, New York.

51.

Moon, J.H., J.H. Kim, P. Quintela-Alonso and J.-H. Jung. 2019. Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of Neobakuella aenigmatica n. sp. (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Bakuellidae). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 67:54-65.

52.

Omar, A. and W. Foissner. 2013. Description of two new Drepanomonas taxa and an account on features defining species in Drepanomonas Fresenius, 1858 (Ciliophora, Microthoracida). European Journal of Protistology 49:420-437.

53.

Pan, X., W.A. Bourland and W. Song. 2013. Protargol synthesis:an in-house protocol. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 60:609-614.

54.

Pan, H. and T. Stoeck. 2017. Redescription of the halophile ciliate, Blepharisma halophilum Ruinen, 1938 (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea, Heterotrichida) shows that the genus Blepharisma is nonmonophyletic. European Journal of Protistology 61:20-28.

55.

Penard, E. 1922. Études sur les Infusoires d’Eau Douce. Georg & Cie, Genève: 331 pp.

56.

Reuter, J. 1961. Einige faunistische und ökologische Beobachtungen über Felsentümpel-Ziliaten. Acta Zoologica Fennica 99:1-42.

57.

Segade, P., C.P. Kher, D.H. Lynn and R. Iglesias. 2009. Morphological and molecular characterization of renal ciliates infecting farmed snails in Spain. Parasitology 136:771-782.

58.

Segade, P., N. García, J.M. García Estévez, C. Arias and R. Iglesias. 2015. Encystment/excystment response and serotypic variation in the gastropod parasite Tetrahymena rostrata (Ciliophora, Tetrahymenidae). Parasitology Research 115:771-777.

59.

Shao, C., Z. Lv, Y. Pan, K.A.S. Al-Rasheid and Z. Yi. 2014. Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of two oxytrichid soil ciliates from China, Oxytricha paragranulifera n. sp. and Oxytricha granulifera Foissner and Adam, 1983 (Protista, Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64:3016-3027.

60.

Vd̓ačný, P. and W. Foissner. 2012. Monograph of the dileptids (Protista, Ciliophora, Rhynchostomatia). Denisia 31:1-529.

61.

Voss, H.-J. and W. Foissner. 1996. Divisional morphogenesis in Steinia sphagnicola (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida):a comparative light and scanning electron microscopic study. European Journal of Protistology 31:31-46.

62.

Warren, A., D.J. Patterson, M. Dunthorn, J.C. Clamp, U.E.M. Achilles-Day, E. Aescht, S.A. Al-Farraj, S. Al-Quraishy, K. Al-Rasheid, M. Carr, J.G. Day, M. Dellinger, H.A. El-Serehy, Y. Fan, F. Gao, S. Gao, J. Gong, R. Gupta, X. Hu, K. Kamra, G. Langlois, X. Lin, D. Lipscomb, C.S. Lobban, P. Luporini, D.H. Lynn, H. Ma, M. Macek, J. Mackenzie-Dodds, S. Makhija, R.I. Mansergh, M. Martín-Cereceda, N. McMiller, D.J.S. Montagnes, S. Nikolaeva, G.O. Ong’ondo, B. Pérez-Uz, J. Purushothaman, P. Quintela-Alonso, J. Rotterová, L. Santoferrara, C. Shao, Z. Shen, X. Shi, W. Song, T. Stoeck, A. La Terza, A. Vallesi, M. Wang, T. Weisse, K. Wiackowski, L. Wu, K. Xu, Z. Yi, R. Zufall and S. Agatha. 2017. Beyond the “Code”: A guide to the description and documentation of biodiversity in ciliated protists (Alveolata, Ciliophora). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 64:539-554.

63.

Wirnsberger, E., W. Foissner and H. Adam. 1985. Morphological, biometric, and morphogenetic comparison of two closely related species, Stylonychia vorax and S. pustulata (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae). Journal of Protozoology 32:261-268.

Journal of Species Research