E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study examined the different roles of self-compassion and self-esteem in mitigating the impact of everyday negative events on negative affect and social comparisons via multilevel modeling. A preliminary questionnaire of self-compassion and self-esteem was administered to 101 Korean college students, after which contingent diaries (every four days) were com- pleted by students. Cross-level interaction analysis showed that (1) the more the participant believed the negative event was their own fault, the greater the negative affect and social comparison; and (2) the higher the level of self-compassion, the lower the negative affect and social comparison, which was not observed with self-esteem. The results suggest that self-com- passion plays a mitigating role in the impact of negative events, whereas self-esteem does not.
Beliefs regarding the controllability of emotions are closely associated with emotional distress, such as depression and anxiety. Most previous studies have focused on the unidirectional prediction of emotional distress based on emotion controllability beliefs. However, it is equally plausible that emotion controllability beliefs and emotional distress influence each other in a bi- directional manner. Using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), this study aimed to elucidate the direc- tionality of the relationship between emotion controllability beliefs and emotional distress, with a focus on depression and anxiety. A total of 393 participants reported their emotion beliefs, and symptoms of depression and anxiety at time 1. They were followed up at 5 weeks (time 2), and 10 weeks (time 3). At the within-person level, higher-than-average levels of a per- son’s depression and anxiety symptoms predicted increases in beliefs that depression and anxiety are uncontrollable. In addi- tion, we found a significant bidirectional relationship between anxiety controllability beliefs and anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the need to expand our current understanding of emotion controllability beliefs to account for the recipro- cal relationships between these beliefs and emotional distress, especially in the context of anxiety.
This study examined social anxiety and facial emotion recognition with and without face mask-wearing in a social threat sit- uation. A total of 309 adult males and females were screened using the Korean version of the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (K-SADS) and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (K-CES-DR). Of the participants, 56 individuals were divided into the social anxiety and non-social anxiety groups. Both groups were then ex- posed to threatening social situations. Using the signal detection theory, the sensitivity and cognitive bias in emotion recogni- tion with and without face mask-wearing was examined. Results showed that the social anxiety group had significantly lower perceptual sensitivity and more negative interpretation bias to faces, with or without face masks. Specifically, the perceptual sensitivity was significantly lower to faces with masks; however, there was no significant difference in interpretation bias. Al- though both groups showed no significant difference in reaction time with the emotional expression on masked faces, the so- cial anxiety group responded faster to faces wearing masks. As this is the first prospective study to investigate facial emotion recognition with face mask-wearing related to social anxiety, it provides valuable insight and data for future research.