E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of Family Participation Intervention (FPI) for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) by integrating and comparing effect sizes of single-subject studies published in Republic of Korea between 2000 and 2021. For this purpose, twenty-seven dissertations and journals were selected based on predefined criteria and were analyzed. Effect sizes were calculated according to various variables such as treatment approach, goals, subject group charac teristics, and session characteristics using a random effects model. The results are as follows. First, the overall effect size of FPI for children with ASD was Tau-U .88, indicating a medium effect. Additionally, the effect size for the maintenance phase was Tau-U .95, indicating a large effect. Second, this study found that for elementary school students, using a community-cen tered or play (activity)-centered approach with the goal of improving adaptive behavior, involving various family members, conducting at least 20 sessions, showed better effects than other condition. This study is meaningful in that it verifies the ef fectiveness and validity of FPI for children with ASD. Additionally, it provides detailed information on the factors improving the intervention effectiveness.
Body image attitudes can be divided into body evaluation and body investment. Most previous works on body image atti tudes focused primarily on body evaluation. This study tested whether the Body Investment Scale (BIS) is a reliable and valid instrument to capture body evaluation and investment. Korean BIS’s factor structure, reliability, and validity were examined using a sample of 382 South Korean college students. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original and alternative solutions fit the data well. However, the internal consistencies of the alternative three-factor model were only within a satis factory range. Appearance and reasons for living exhibited significant positive correlations with all BIS subscales, whereas de pression demonstrated significant negative correlations with all subscales. These findings suggest that the Korean BIS is reli able and valid instrument for measuring body image attitudes. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
This study is a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (CBT) within post-intervention pro grams for adolescent victims of school bullying in the Republic of Korea (Korea). Fourteen dissertations and journals, pub lished in Korea between 2000 and 2021, were selected based on the PICOS standards, and effect sizes were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Version 3. The results indicated an overall effect size of 1.00, suggesting substantial ef fects. CBT for adolescent victims demonstrated large effect sizes on self-concept, self-esteem, peer relationship, and school adjustment outcomes, while its effects on emotion outcomes, showed median effect size. Finally, this study investigated opti mal CBT conditions for better effects, indicating that CBT was most effective when conducted with five to nine participants in 10 to 14 sessions, lasting 60 minutes, twice a week. Notably, smaller group sizes, more sessions, shorter session times, and frequent interventions seemed to enhance the efficacy of CBT programs. This implies that the intensity and frequency of in terventions are pivotal in maximizing the impact of CBT for bullied adolescents. Overall, post-intervention programs em ploying CBT demonstrated mostly substantial effect sizes, providing valuable insights for future CBT implementations by identifying program components for enhanced effectiveness.
Psychological experiences and complex emotions, which are challenging to express in language can be more effectively con veyed through imagery. However, there are currently limited tools available to measure the psychological experiences associ ated with pathological imagery phenomenon adequately. This study validates the Korean Impact of Future Event Scale (K IFES) and highlights the importance of considering mental imagery alongside linguistic aspects in mental health. The K-IF ES’s ability to identify emotional distress has practical implications, providing a reliable criterion for understanding cognitive vulnerability related to imagery. This was assessed by comparing emotional distress categories from self-reported Mini Inter national Neuropsychiatric patient health survey between 127 individuals and 73 healthy controls. Further, this study estab lishes the K-IFES as a reliable and valid tool particularly in assessing pathological imagery through the Rasch model, conver gent and discriminant validity analysis, and ROC analysis. It emphasizes the significance of measuring psychological experi ences related to pathological imagery and introduces a novel tool for assessing intrusive prospective imagery.
Recently, there has been a growing interest in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) as a transdiagnostic risk factor for various men tal disorders. However, no consensus has been reached on the components that comprise IU. Considering that while the rela tionship between IU and internalizing symptoms such as anxiety and depression has been well-established, a dearth of stud ies elucidates how each IU component is specifically related to anxiety and depression. Given its close relationship to internal izing symptoms, understanding the distinct correlations between each IU facet and internalizing symptoms becomes pivotal for effective interventions. Therefore, this study conducted a network analysis to delineate IU structure and how each compo nent is related to state/trait anxiety and depression. Using the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), the most central item, structure, and relationship within the scale were identified. The relationship between IU and internalizing symptoms was also examined and the clinical implications of each result are discussed.
This study examined whether subjective age (SA) protects against the adverse effects of low social activity on cognitive func tion in older people. Data from the National Survey of Older Koreans collected during the COVID-19 pandemic were ana lyzed to test this hypothesis. Among the 10,097 older adults aged 65 and older, 9,878 who met the inclusion criteria were se lected. Participants were classified into “older SA” (n=6,437) and “youthful SA” (n=3,441). The results demonstrated that low social activities decreased cognitive function (B= .55, t= 6.20, p< .001), and this effect was more pronounced in the older SA group (B=.82, t=11.55, p<.001), suggesting that the older SA group is more vulnerable to limited social activities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the reduced social activity of older adults negatively affected their cognitive function. However, these results suggest that maintaining a youthful mind can protect older adults against the adverse effects of limited social ac tivity on cognitive function.
This study examines the reciprocal relationship between emotion regulation strategies (ERS; e.g., rumination and experiential avoidance) and depressive mood; and, using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), investigates whether this within-per son relationship varies depending on the level of baseline depression. Participants comprised 122 college students (96 females and 26 males) in South Korea, who were screened to ensure their risk status for depression. Following baseline assessment, participants were asked to engage in EMA that involved providing data on momentary ERS and depressive mood five times daily for seven consecutive days. Dynamic SEM analyses indicated that momentary ERS predicted subsequent increases in depressive mood after controlling for depressive mood at the previous time point. Depressive mood also predicted subse quent increases in momentary ERS after adjusting momentary ERS at the previous time point. The baseline depression sig nificantly moderated the within-person relationship between momentary rumination and subsequent depressive mood, but not the relationship between experiential avoidance and depressive mood. This study extends previous literature on ERS in relation to depression by examining their potential bidirectional relationship and exploring baseline depression as potential between-person moderators.