ISSN : 0376-4672
Objective: To suggest diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for dental panoramic radiography in adults and children through the nationwide survey in Korea. Materials and Methods: Two hundred twelve dental institutions on a national basis were visited. The radiographic examination protocols were surveyed and their patient doses at the clinical exposure setting for adult and children (5- and 10-year old) were measured at 244 panoramic radiographic equipment. The measured DAP were analyzed and compared according to age group, the size of hospital, the type of radiographic system, the installation duration of equipment. Results: The mean exposure parameters were 70.1 kV, 9.2 mA, 14.4 second for adult and 66.6 kV, 7.9 mA, 13.8 second for 10- year old child and 65.5 kV, 7.3 mA, 13.7 second for 5-year old child. The mean and third quartile patient DAPs were 138.3 mGy cm2 and 151.0 mGy cm2 for adult , 99.5 mGy cm2 and 104.8 mGy cm2 for 10-year old child and 89.5 mGy cm2 and 95.5 mGy cm2 for 5-year old child. The mean patient dose at the university dental hospital was lower than that at the dental clinic (p<0.05). The mean patient dose of direct digital radiography type was higher than that of film-based type. However, the difference did not show statistically significance. Conclusion: DRLs for dental panoramic radiography in adult, 10- and 5-year old child were suggested to be 151 mGy cm2, 105 mGy cm2, and 96 mGy cm2 in Korea based on this nationwide survey.
Treatment with removable partial denture is effective for partially edentulous patients who are unable to obtain sufficient retention and stability for functional and esthetic restoration. There are several cases reporting the improvement of retention and stability of the partial denture using a small number of implants. However, there are limited studies on the implant-assisted removable partial denture using a small number of remaining teeth and the bar locator system. The bar locator system has an advantage in that it could compensate the angle of insertion of removable prosthesis on implant with inconsistent placement angle due to anatomical constraints compared to when using the locator only. This case report describes the patient with Parkinson°Øs disease who was treated with the Locator bar system using two previously placed implants and two remaining teeth on maxilla. No additional implants could be placed because of the medical and economic condition of the patients, and the angle of one of two implants could not be matched with the direction of the removable partial denture insertion. Considering the angle of the implants, the patient was treated with implant-assisted RPD using the Locator bar system and had satisfactory results in the aspect of esthetics, masticatory function, and oral hygiene maintenance.
BSSRO (bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy) is frequently performed to correct dentofacial deformity and malocclusion. Among its complications the incidence of post-operative facial nerve palsy is very rare, but it is one of the most serious complications. The case of a 21-year-old male patient who underwent facial nerve palsy after BSSRO is described. After surgical intervention and conservative therapy, the patient recovered his facial nerve function successfully.
1. Diagnosis Diagnosis of Crack, Direct pulp capping 2. Access opening Find the calcified canal orifice Removal of dentin shelf Obtaining the MB2 canal (MB2, MB3, DB2) 3. Perforation repair during endodontic treatment 4. Removal of the separated files 5. Open apex treatment 6. Void removal on CWT procedure 7. Re-endodontic treatment Removal of restorative material filled in pulp chamber Post removal Identification and removal of residual gutta-perch 8. Surgical endodontic treatment In each case will overview how to use a dental microscope.
Endodontic surgery is a procedure to treat apical periodontitis or abscess in cases that did not heal after nonsurgical treatment or retreatment. This might include situations with persistent intracanal infection after root canal treatment. Other reasons might be found in extraradicular infection, such as bacterial biofilm on the apical root surface or bacteria within the lesion. For many years, the treatment standard was the traditional approach with surgical burs and amalgam for root-end filling. Endodontic microsurgery is the most recent step in the evolution of endodontic surgery, applying not only ultrasonic tip and biocompatible filling materials but also incorporating high-power magnification and illumination. Although many studies have been published that advocate the use of modern technique, the traditional techniques are still widely used in the surgery community. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the endodontic microsurgery procedure including the root-end preparation and filling with the use of a surgical operating microscope.
Root canal perforations are defined as the communication between the pulp cavity, the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. The occurrence of perforations during endodontic treatment is reported to range from 2.3%~12%, which is not a complication rarely happens. Perforations have iatrogenic or pathological etiologies that involve caries or resorption. It leads to inflammation and the destruction of periodontal fibers and alveolar bone, followed by periodontal defects. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is currently the most indicated material for repair of root perforation, because of its favorable biocompatibility and sealing ability. Using magnification with dental operating microscope enhance the accessibility and visibility to manage the root perforation. It is important to diagnose and repair perforations immediately if possible.
