In computing systems that require high reliability, the method of predicting the lifetime of a storage device is one of the important factors for system management because it can maximize usability as well as data protection. The life of a solid state drive (SSD) that has recently been used as a storage device in several storage systems is linked to the life of the NAND flash memory that constitutes it. Therefore, in a storage system configured using an SSD, a method of accurately and efficiently predicting the lifespan of a NAND flash memory is required. In this paper, a method for optimizing the lifetime prediction of a flash memory-based storage device using the frequency of NAND flash memory failure is proposed. For this, we design a cost matrix to collect the frequency of defects that occur when processing data in units of Drive Writes Per Day (DWPD). In addition, a method of predicting the remaining cost to the slope where the life-long finish occurs using the Gradient Descent method is proposed. Finally, we proved the excellence of the proposed idea when any defect occurs with simulation.
S.S.Chae, R.Mativenga, J.Y.Paik, M.Attique, and T.S.Chung, "DSFTL: An efficient FTL for flash memory based storage systems." Electronics Vol.9, No.1, pp.145, 2020.
W.Xie, Y.Chen, and P.C.Poth, "ASA-FTL: An adaptive separation aware flash translation layer for solid state drives," Parallel Computing , Vol.61, pp.3-17, 2017.
I.B.Zion, "Key-value FTL over open channel SSD,"12th ACM International Conference on Systems and Storage . pp.192-192, 2020.
S.Kim and Y.Son, "Optimizing Key-Value Stores for Flash-Based SSDs via Key Reshaping," IEEE Access 9, pp.115135~115144, 2021.
J.H.Park, D.J.Park, T.S.Chung, and S.W.Lee, "ARK, Jong-Hyeok, et al. A Crash Recovery Scheme for a Hybrid Mapping FTL in NAND Flash Storage Devices,"Electronics , Vol.10, No.3, pp.327, 2021.
Samsung Electronics, Samsung Solid State Drive. http://www.samsung.com/zglobal/business/semicond uctor/support/brochures/support_Flash_SSD.html..
H.S.Lee and D.H.Lee, “An efficient index buffer management scheme for implementing a B-tree on NAND flash memory,” Data & Knowledge Engineering. Vol.69, No.9, pp.901-916. 2010.
H.S.Lee, H.S.Yun, and D.H.Lee, "HFTL: hybrid flash translation layer based on hot data identification for flash memory." Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions . Vol.55, No.4, pp.2005-2011, 2011.
H.S.Lee, S.W.Park and D.H.Lee, "RMSS: an efficient recovery management scheme on NAND flash memory based solid state disk,", IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol.59, No.1, pp.107-112, February 2013.
Y.Pan, H.Chen, J.Zhao, and Y.Xu, "Lifetime-aware FTL to improve the lifetime and performance of solid-state drives." Future Generation Computer Systems 93 , pp.58-67, 2019.
Y.Lue, Y.Cai, S.Ghose, J.Choi, and O.Mutlu, “WARM:Improving NAND flash memory lifetime with write-hotness aware retention management,” Mass Storage Systems and Technologies, pp.1-14, 2015.
J.H.Choi, K.M.Kim, and J.W.Kwak, "WPA: Write Pattern Aware Hybrid Disk Buffer Management for Improving Lifespan of NAND Flash Memory," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics , Vo.66, No.2, pp.193-202., 2020.
B.Kai, X.Hui, X.Qiyou, and Y.Wei, “Schemes for Extending the Lifetime of SSD,” TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering , Vol.12, No.9, pp6940-6945, 2014.
S.Wang, F.Wu, Z.Lu, Y.Zhau, Q.Xiong, M.Zhang, and C.Xie, "Lifetime adaptive ECC in NAND flash page management. In Design," Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) , pp.1253-1556, 2017.
Y.J.Woo, "Diversifying wear index for MLC NAND flash memory to extend the lifetime of SSDs,"Embedded Software (EMSOFT) , pp1-10., 2013.