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The Study of Development and Validation of Adjective Scales to Assess the Personality Types

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate adjective scales to assess the Millon personality types in a normal population. Scale construction and validation followed a method outlined by Loevinger. Nine scales containing 178 words were developed, one for each of Millon's eight basic personalities plus a Problem Indicator scale measuring aspects of his three more severe types. Extensive reliability and validity analyses were conducted, including a factor analysis of scales. These revealed high internal consistency for each scale, high test-retest reliability over a 2-week period, and good convergent and discriminant validity based on self-report data. In factor analysis, these scales yielded dimensions which were interpreted as Affective Neuroticism, Assertiveness-Aggressiveness, Conformity, and Social Introversion-Extraversion. Research efforts focusing on Millon's theory as it applies to normals may bring a more complete understanding of the entire spectrum of personality.

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