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open access
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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
Social networking website (SNS) addiction has led to a rise in research on its negative impacts, especially depression, due to a significant increase in SNS users over the past decade. According to social comparison theory, the use of SNS makes individ- uals vulnerable to depression through a comparison with others who are perceived to be superior to them, and via photos displaying an individual’s appearance (which are the main upload target), as being likely to cause individuals to become ex- cessively preoccupied with their own bodies. Hence, this study aimed to test whether objectified body consciousness (OBC) mediates the relationship between SNS addiction tendency and depression. Furthermore, we examined whether self-compas- sion moderates the consequences of OBC on depression. The participants (n = 271) completed questionnaires measuring SNS addiction tendency, OBC, self-compassion and depression. The results revealed that the indirect effect of SNS addiction tendency on depression through OBC was moderated by self-compassion, and that, specifically, this indirect effect was found to decrease as self-compassion increased. The results of this study suggest that an individual’s SNS addiction tendency passes through OBC in the process of influencing depression, and that the effect of such a path may vary depending on the individ- ual's level of self-compassion.
Adolescents’ addictive use of smartphones has been the focus of clinical attention. Gray’s neuropsychological systems, behav- ioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS), consistently predict smartphone overdependence (SO) across various age groups. Additionally, peer pressure (PP)— as it relates to smartphone usage — is considered a notable fac- tor and one which wields significant influence on adolescents. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the relative im- pact of intra-individual factors, BAS/BIS, and peer-related factor, PP, on adolescents’ SO. Furthermore, the study sought to explore whether these two factors interact with each other in influencing adolescents’ SO. We collected data from 489 Korean middle school students and analyzed the data separately by gender, considering potential gender differences in the interrela- tionships among variables based on prior research findings. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation among BAS/ BIS, PP, and SO. Furthermore, BAS/BIS and PP were confirmed to significantly predict SO with no gender differences. How- ever, the moderation effect was only significant in the male group. Based on these findings, we discussed preventive interven- tions concerning adolescents, limitations, and suggestions for further research.
Previous studies have documented validity evidence of neuropsychological measures in the assessment of dementia. However, known cognitive test measures were mostly validated as separate measurements rather than asconstituents of a whole battery. In this study, the neuropsychological battery (CERAD-K) and neuropsychiatric measures were acquired in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment, dementia of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and Vascular dementia (VD). The assessment measures and demographic information were used to predict two validity criteria: dementia severity (CDR) and dementia type (AD or VD). A correlation between a single test measure and the target criteria indicated univariate validity, whereas relative impor- tance among multiple regression models indicated the multivariate validity of a single measure as a constituent of the battery. We identified that test measures including the Boston Naming Test, Trail Making Test, and Word List Recall were predictive of the clinical outcome criteria as univariate validity; however, this strength of association did not remain consistent when evalu- ated in terms of multivariate validity. Regarding the multivariate validity, measures including Word List recognition, and neu- ropsychiatric impairment showed robust validity. This contrasting validity indices between univariate and multivariate frame- works may be owing to shared information between other measures, which can distort the conclusions of validity evidence. The findings suggest that the validity of a neuropsychological test differs as a function of the target criteria and whether ad- ministered as a whole battery. The findings suggest that the validity of a neuropsychological measure differs as a function of the criteria of clinical context and whether tested under a comprehensive battery.