E-ISSN : 2733-4538
Inward behaviors have been treated as abandonment of controlling motives by studies of helplessness and locus of control. But Rothbaum et al. (1982) maintained that the perception of controllability was too important to be given up. In view of this, inward behaviors could be considered as efforts to try and keep control. They called this type of control secondary control. To investigate existence and adaptive significance of secondary control under the uncontrollable situations, attempts to try secondary control was conceptualized as a few constructs. And it was investigated if the phenomena to satisfy these constructs happened. Finally, it was evaluated relation between secondary control and adaptiveness. The results indicated that inward behaviors necessarily didn't accompany the perception of uncontrollability and that these inward behaviors were related to adaptiveness. These suggested that secondary control exist and have adaptiveness significance under uncontrollable situations. But these results need further research in the future, partially with powerful manipulation in laboratory and more samples in the real world.