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  • P-ISSN 2671-8197
  • E-ISSN 2733-936X

Theoretical Approach to Transnationalism and Social Integration

Korean Studies Quarterly / Korean Studies Quarterly, (P)2671-8197; (E)2733-936X
2017, v.40 no.4, pp.169-205
https://doi.org/10.25024/ksq.40.4.201712.169
Lee Yoonkyong
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Abstract

이주자를 바라보는 분석틀인 초국가주의 관점은 이주자를 거주국 내에서만 파악하는 관점을 탈피하여 거주국‒이주자‒모국 간 3자적 관계에 초점을 맞춘다. 이 글은 초국가주의 관점에 대한 개념적 지형을 짚어낸다. 초국가주의 논의가 펼쳐내는 이론적 특성과 현실적 쟁점을 제시하고 이주자와 모국 간의 연계에 필요한 분석틀을 보여준다. 이주자와 모국 간에 진화하는 관계, 하나의 지리적 장소에 일치하는 공간이 아닌 중첩되는 사회적 공간들에 관한 새로운 상상력을 바탕으로 한 이론적 개념과 쟁점을 검토한다. 중첩되고 확장된 사회적 공간 속에서 이주자에게 가용한 활동이 영역에 따라 어떻게 출현하는지, 종족성이 그 안에서 어떠한 역할을 수행하는지 주의 깊게 볼 필요가 있다. 모국 연계를 부각시키는 초국가주의 활동은 직관적으로 거주국 사회통합과의 관계를 질문한다. 상생과 상보의 입장이 긍정적 관계를 제시하는 스펙트럼의 하나의 극단이라면, 제로섬게임과 같이 하나의 충성심은 다른 하나의 충성심을 저해한다는 입장이 다른 하나의 극단을 형성한다. 동족 내부의 연대성과 감정적 애착을 전제하여 모국지향성을 당연한 것으로 받아들이는 맹목적인 종족성 개념은 초국가주의 분석틀에서 더 이상 유효하지 않다. 이주자의 지향성은 고정된 것이라기보다는 거주국과 모국의 양자 요인의 적대적/우호적 관계에 의해 유동적이다.

keywords
Trans‒nationalism, Transnational linkage, Korean migration, Diaspora, Social integration, 트랜스‒내셔널리즘, 모국 연계, 한인이주, 디아스포라, 사회통합


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