ISSN : 0023-3900
This paper analyzes how and to what extent inequalities in educationalopportunity in Korea have changed during the second half of the twen-tieth century. Educational inequality is defined by social class differen-tials in both the quantity (success) and quality (path) of school transi-tions made at the secondary (middle to high school) and tertiary (col-lege) levels of schooling. The extent of educational stratification asexamined by the probability of transition to a higher grade has notbeen visibly alleviated over multiple generations. We also find that theextent of educational stratification is stronger in the secondary levelsthan in the tertiary schooling transition. The results also show that thelong-term trend of stratification in the Korean educational system hasdecreased inequality in terms of scale, but increased the qualitativeinequality of educational achievement between social classes. Even dur-ing the period of educational expansion and rapid economic develop-ment, social inequality in educational opportunity has resisted change.Such inequalities tend to reproduce themselves between successivecohorts, especially when quantitative socioeconomic opportunityremains limited.
Blossfeld, Hans-Peter, (1993) Pesisting Barriers: Changes in Educational Opportunity Attainment in Thirteen Countries(In Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries), Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press
Cha, Jong-cheon, (1991) Namseong sedaegan sahoe idong-e daehan sangho yeon-gwan mohyeong bunseok=Interrelational Model Analysis of Social Movement among Male Generations, Hanguk sahoehak =Korean Journal of Sociology
Hwang Il-cheong, (1992) Sahoe gyecheung-ui gujo-wa gwajeong=The Structure and Development of Social Strata (In Hanguk sahoe-ui bulpyeongdeunggwa hyeongpyeong=nequality and Balance in Korean Society), Seoul: Nanam
Collins, R, (1971) Functional and Conflict Theories of Educational Stratification, American Sociological Review
Davis, K, (1945) Some Principles of Stratification, American Sociological Review
Featherman, D. L, (1978) Opportunity and Change, New York: Academic Press
Gu, Hae-geun, (1986) Hyeondae hanguk gyegeup gujo-e gwanhan siron=Essay on the Class Structure of Modern Korea(In Hanguk sahoe-ui jaeinsik 1: gyeongje gaebal-e ttareun jeongchi, gyeongje, sahoe-ui gujo byeonhwa=New Understanding on Korean Society 1: Changes in Political) Economic, and Social Structure following Economic Development), edited by Bak Hyeon-chae. Seoul: Hanul.,
Hout, M, (1990) Making the Grade: Educational Stratification in the United States,1925–1980, at the Sociological Association World Congress, Madrid.
Jang, Sang-su, (2000) Gyoyuk gihoe-ui bulpyeongdeung: gajok baegyeong-ihangnyeok sahoe-e michineun yeonghyang=Inequality in Educational Opportunity: The Effect of Family Background on the Level of Schooling , Hanguk sahoehak
Jeong, U-hyeon, (1988) Gogyosaeng-ui gyoyuk gidae mit jigeopjeok pobu-wa gwallyeon byeonin-e gwanhan yeongu=Analysis of High School Students Educational Expectations, Occupational Aspirations, and Related Variables , Gyoyuk munje yeongu=Journal of Educational Research
Jo, Don-mun, (1995) Hanguk sahoe gyegeup gujo-ui byeonhwa,1660–1990: gyegeup gujo-ui yanggeukhwa-ui gochal=Changes in Class Structure in Korean Society 1660–1990: A Study on the Polarization of the Class Structure, Hanguk sahoehak
Kim, Byeong-gwan , (1999) Gihoe gujo, sahoe idong, geurigo gaeinjeok seongchwi: gujo-wa haengwi-ui dongjeok jeon-gae=Structure of Opportunity, Social Movement, and Personal Achievement: Dynamic Progress between Structure and Action(In Hanguk-ui sahoe gujo-wa jiyeok sahoe=Social Structure and Local Communities in Korea), Seoul: Seoul National University Press
Kim, Sin-il. , (1985) Gyoyuk sahoehak=Educational Sociology, Seoul: Gyoyuk
Kim, Yeong-hwa, (1990) Hanguk gyeongje mit nodong sijang gujo byeonhwa-e daehan hakgyo gyoyuk cheje-ui dae-eung: hanguk saneophwa gwajeong-eul jungsim-euro=The Education System’s Response to Changes in the Economy and Labor Market Structure in Korea: Focusing on the Korean Industrialization Process , Seoul: Korea Educational Development Institute
Kim, Yeong-hwa, (1999) Hanguk saneophwa gwajeong- eseoui gyoyuk-gwa sahoe gyecheung idong=Education and Social Strata Movement in the Industrialization Process in Korea, Gyoyukhak yeongu=Journal of Education
Lucas, S, (2001) Effectively Maintained Inequality: Effectively Transitions, Track Mobility and Social Background Effects, American Journal of Sociology
Mare, R. , (1980) Social Background and School Continuation Decisions, Journal of American Statistical Association
(1981) Change and Stability in Education Stratification, American Sociological Review
Shavit,Y. , (1993) Educational Stratification on Observed and Unobserved Components of Family Background(In Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries), Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press
Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development (MOE), (2001) Gyoyuk tonggye yeonbo=Statistical Yearbook of Education,
Park, Hyunjoon, (2001) Educational Expansion and Inequality in Korea CDE Working Paper No. 2001-04 , Center for Demography and Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison
Phang, Hanam (Bang, Ha-nam), (2001) Byeonhwa-wa seseup: hanguk sahoe-ui sedaegan jiwi seseup mit seongchwi gujo=Change and Descent: Transmission of Status through Generations and Attainment Structure in Korea, Hanguk sahoehak
(2002) Gihoe-wa bulpyeongdeung: godeung gyoyuk gihoe-e isseoseo sahoe gyecheunggan bulpyeongdeung-ui bunseok=Opportunity and Inequality: Analysis of Inequality between Social Strata in Higher Education, Hanguk sahoehak
(2003) Hanguk sahoe-ui gyoyuk gyecheunghwa: yeollyeong kohoteugan byeonhwa-wa hangnyeok dan-gyebyeol chai=Educational Stratification in Korean Society: Changes among Age Cohorts and Differences by the Level of Schooling, Hanguk sahoehak
Phang, Hanam, (1996) Sinheung gaebalguk-eseoui gujo byeondong-gwa sedaegan gyegeup idong: hanguk-gwa daeman-ui gyeongu=Structural Changes and Class Movement between Generations in the Newly Industrialized Countries: The Cases of Korea and Taiwan , Hanguk sahoehak
Phang, Hanam, (2002) Basic Report on the 4th Annual Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), Seoul: Korea Labor Institute
Raftery, A. E, (1990) Maximally Maintained Inequality: Expansion, Reform, and Opportunity in Irish Education, 1921–1975., the ISA Meetings, Madrid.
Sewell, W. H, (1967) Socioeconomic Status, Intelligence, and the Attainment of Higher Education, Sociology of Education
Sin, Gwang-yeong, (1994) Sedaegan gyegeup idong=Class Movement between Generations, Gyeongje-wa sahoe=Economy and Society
Treiman, D. J. , (1970) Industrialization and Social Stratification.(In Social Stratification: Research and Theory for the 1970s), Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merill
Treiman, D. J, (1993) Trend in Educational Attainment in Japan(In Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries), Boulder,Colo.: Westview Press.