Ashcroft, Bill, (2000) Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts, London: Routledge

Baird, (1909) Daybreak in Korea a Tale of Transformation in the Far East, Revell Company

Brown, (1909japanandkorea1909) Report on a Second Visit to China Board and the Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the USA,

Calhoun, (1994) In Social Theory and the Politics of Identity edited by Craig Calhoun,

Choi, Hyaeweol, (2001) Missionary Zeal in a Transformed Melodrama: Gendered Evangelicalism in Korea,

(2005June) Christian Modernity in Missionary Discourse from Korea, 1905-1910,

Craig, Calhoun, (1997) Nationalism, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

Deberg, (1990) Gender and the First Wave of American Fundamentalism, Fortress Press

Martina, (1992) The Confucian Transformation of Korea, Harvard University Press

Duara, Prasenjit, (2001) The Regime of Authenticity: Timelessness, Gender, and National History in Modern China, Constructing Nationhood in Modern East Asia, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press

Henning, Joseph M, (2000) Outposts of Civilization: Race, Religion, and the Formative Years of American-Japanese Relations, New York: New York University Press

Jones, (1896) The Status of Woman in Korea Gospel in All Lands,

Kim, (1980) The Last Phase of the East Asian World Order University of California Press,

Kim, Seungtae, (1997) Hanmal ilje chimnyakkgi ilje-wa seon-gyosa-ui gwan-gye-e daehan yeongu (1894-1910) (A Study of the Relationship between Japanese Imperial Power and Missionaries during the Japanese Encroachment in the Late Joseon Dynasty),

Kim, (1994188419841884-1984) A Comprehensive Bibliography of Missionaries in Korea The Institute for Korean Church History,

Kim, Yung-Hee, (1995) Under the Mandate of Nationalism: Development of Feminist Enterprises in Modern Korea, 1860-1910,

Kim, Yunseong, (1999Winter) Protestant Missions as Cultural Imperialism in Early Modern Korea,

(The) Korean Historical Association, (1998) Nobi, Nongno, Noye, Seoul: Ilchokak

Lee, (1984) A New History of Korea,

Lee, Timothy, (1996) Born-Again in Korea: The Rise and Character of Revivalism in (South) Korea, 1885-1988,

(2000March) A Political Factor in the Rise of Protestantism in Korea: Protestantism and the 1919 March First Movement,

Noble, (1906a) A Tale of Korea,

Oak, Sung-Deuk, (2002) The Indigenization of Christianity in Korea: North American Missionaries Attitudes towards Korean Religions,

Paik, (1987) The History of Protestant Missions in Korea 18321910, Yonsei University Press

Palais, James, (1996) Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions: Yu Hyngwn and the Late Chosn Dynasty, Seattle: University of Washington Press

Park, (1993) A Study of the History of Modern Political Thought in Korea,

Park, Chung-shin, (2003) Protestantism and Politics in Korea, Seattle: University of Washington Press

Park, Yongkyu, (2000) Pyeongyang daebuheung undong (Great Revival Movement in Pyeongyang), Seoul: Word of Life Press

Parker, Alison M, (1999) Hearts Uplifted and Minds Refreshed: The Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Production of Pure Culture in the United States, 1880-1930,

Ryu, Dae Young, (2004) Gaehwagi joseon-gwa miguk seon-gyosa (American Missionaries in Joseon during the Enlightenment Era), Seoul: The Institute for Korean Church History

Schmid, Andre, (2002) Korea between Empires 1895-1919, New York: Columbia University Press

Scranton, (1896) Womans Work in Korea,

Stoler, Ann, (1995) Race and the Education of Desire: Foucaults History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things, Duke University Press

Underwood, (1896) Woman's Work in Korea,

London, (1992) City of Dreadful Delight Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late- Victorian London First published by the University of Chicago Press, Virago Press

Wells, (1982) Yun Chi-ho and the Quest for National Integrity the Formation of a Christian Approach to Korean Nationalism at the End of the Choson Dynasty,

New God, (1990) Protestants and Self-Reconstruction Nationalism in Korea 1896-1937,

Mattie Noble, (1906a1990) William Arthur Noble was born in Springville Pennsylvania in 1866 and was educated at the Wyoming Seminary and Drew Theological Seminary He was appointed as a missionary to Korea by the Methodist Church in the United States in 1892 along with his wife They retired in 1934 It is noteworthy that the picture of Ewa on the first page of the book is the picture of a gisaeng the hair style of the woman in the photography suggests she is married according to the story Ewa hardly has time to pose for a picture after she married because she was beaten to death by her master it is reasonable to speculate that the novel is a mix of historical and fictional stories,

Hyaeweol Choi, (2005.6) For more detailed analysis of the differences in missionary discourse Christian Modernity in Missionary Discourse from Korea, 1905-1910,

See more details, There has been a series of debates about the history of the slavery system in Korea James Palais argues that Korea was a bona fide slave society for many centuries as far back as the tenth century while other scholars pay close attention to the differences between the Korean nobi system and slaves in America and Europe University of Washington Press,

Kim, (1994) 18841984 [A comprehensive bibliography of missionaries in Korea],

Noble, (1906a18984) A New History of Korea,

Pak Bak Yonggyu, (2000) Pyeongyang Daebuheung Undong [Great Revival Movement in Pyeongyang], Seoul: Saengmyeong ui Malssumsa

The Korea Mission Field 4, (19081908) Books on Korea See also Globe Trotters,

Arthur Judson Brown, (japanandkorea19091909) Report on a Second Visit to China Board and the Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the USA See also Joseph M Outposts of Civilization and the Formative Years of American-Japanese Relations, New York University Press

Noble, (1906a1906a) kept a diary in which she also makes a clear distinction between Christian Japanese and non-Christian Japanese,

Andre Schmid, (2002) prevailing ideology as capitalist modernity, which was shared by not only Japanese colonial power but also Korean nationalist intellectuals, New York: Columbia University Press

Mattie Nobles Diary, (189418941894) Mattie Noble wrote that her family left the city on August 28 1894 and went to Kobe on September 6 See her diary entry for September 11 missionaries in the city had to be evacuated See also Ryu Daeyeong Gaehwagi Joseon kwa Miguk Seongyosa [American Missionaries in Joseon during the Enlightenment Era] 18841984 [A Comprehensive Bibliography of Missionaries in Korea],

Key-Hiuk Kim, (1980) The Last Phase of the East Asian World Order University of California Press,

Craig Calhoun, (1994) in Social Theory and the Politics of Identity,

From this general trait, In his discussion of nationalism Calhoun points out that nationalisms have been overwhelmingly male ideologies in the way that national strength is defined so often as international potency and military power men are treated as potential martyrs while women are mainly their mothers it is interesting to note that Noble makes a case for Ewa whose courage to prioritize her religion and national mandate over her own personal happiness becomes a model for Sung-yo and even Tong-sik University of Minnesota Press,

See Betty Deberg, (1990) It might be argued that her sacrifice may also be influenced by the Christian idea of death and true reward in the spiritual world Gender and the First Wave of American Fundamentalism, Fortress Press

Prasenjit Duara, (2001) The Regime of Authenticity: Timelessness, Gender, and National History in Modern China, Constructing Nationhood in Modern East Asia, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press

Prasenjit Duara, (2001) The Regime of Authenticity: Timelessness, Gender, and National History in Modern China,

Yung-Hee Kim, (1995) Under the Mandate of Nationalism: Development of Feminist Enterprises in Modern Korea, 1860-1910,

See Geo, (189618961896) There are numerous commentaries by missionaries on the status of women ranging from simplistic to well -thought-out observations The Status of Woman in Korea Gospel in All Lands Womans Work in Korea Woman's Work in Korea,

Noble, (1906a) George Gilmore makes an interesting observation on womens seclusion as follows It is to be noted that women after becoming acquainted with us and our ways have shown no reluctance to meeting gentlemen and are fond of paying visit to the wives of such foreigners as they know often manifesting not the slightest embarrassment at being seen even for the first time by strange gentlemen But were a male Korean visitor to enter the room his entrance would be the signal for their instant withdrawal,

Noble, (1906a1906a1906a) lLi is a traditional measurement of distance in Korea,

Martina Deuchler, (1992) The Confucian Transformation of Korea, Harvard University Press

using a traditional gender ideology, (19131906a1906a) In a fascinating debate on the voting rights of married women missionaries in Korea Annie Baird argues against the voting rights She says of women as a sex we seem to [be] credited with being ruled largely by our sensibilities and being consequently unable to take a purely impersonal view of debated questions Votes or Not for Married Women in Station and Mission,

Kim Yunseong, (1999Winter) Protestant Missions as Cultural Imperialism in Early Modern Korea,

James Palais, (1996) Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions: Yu Hyngwn and the Late Chosn Dynasty , Seattle: University of Washington Press

like gaudy butterflies, (1906a) Noble portrays Korean dancing girls as follows Bbut the gaudy play-thing of the rich and idlethe professional dancing girlremained Grim war has no terrors for her the fierce hand of hate grows soft and gracious in paint and silks not to partake of the feast but to nestle near with shy glances giving the occasion a sense of voluptuousness and luxury,

Yeoksa HakhoeThe Korean Historical Association, (1998) Nobi, Nongno, Noye, Seoul: Iljogak

Joseph M. Henning, (2000) Outposts of Civilization: Race, Religion, and the Formative Years of American-Japanese Relations, New York: New York University Press