『明史』(History of the Ming Dynasty). [1789] 1987. Beijing: Zhonghua Publishing House.

『大明太祖高皇帝實錄』(Veritable Records of the Ming Emperor Taizu). [1399] 1966. Photographic edition. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology.

『萬曆大明會典』(Collected Statutes of the Great Ming). [1587] 1964. Taipei: Wenhai Publishing House.

Chen, Renxi 陳仁錫. [1630] 1965.『皇明世法錄』(A Collection of Ming Documents and Treatises). Taipei: Xuesheng Publishing House.

Heo, Bong . 1574. Jocheongi (Record of Ascent to Beijing). Reprinted in vol. 1 of Yeonhaengnok seonjip (Records of the Travel to Yanjing), edited by the Korean Classics Research Institute (Seoul: Korean Classics Research Institute, 1976-1982).

Qiu, Jun 邱濬. [1487] 1987. 『大學衍義補』(Supplement to the Abundant Meanings of the Great Learning). Vol. 713 of 『文淵閣四庫全書』(The Complete Collection of the Four Treasuries Based on the Wenyuan Pavilion Copy). Taibei: Weiwen Publishing Co., Ltd.

Shen, Defu 沈德符. [n.d.] 1976.『萬曆野獲編』(Unofficial Matters from the Wanli Reign). Beijing: Zhonghua Publishing House.

Xie, Zaozhi . [1618] 1994. 『五雜俎』(Five Assorted Offerings). Vol. 1130 of 『讀修四庫全書』(Continuation to The Complete Collection of the Four Treasuries). Shanghai: Shanghai Classics Publishing House.

Cao, Yonghe 曹永和. 1988. 「明洪武朝的中琉關係」(Relationship between China and Liuqiu under the Hongwu Reign of the Ming Dynasty). In vol. 3 of 『中國 海洋發展史論文集』(Selected Essays on the Maritime History of China). Taipei: Institute of the Three Principles of People, Academia Sinica.

Cao, Yonghe 曹永和. 1999. “Liuqiu in the East Asian Seas: Rise and Fall as an Entrepot.” Paper presented at the International Workshop on Maritime China and the Overseas Chinese in Transition, 1750-1850, National University of Singapore, November 25-27.

Cha, Hyewon. 1997. “Yudongjeok yeoksa gonggan: geunse dongasia-roui jeopgeun” (Dynamic Historical Space: An Approach to Early Modern East Asian History). Yeoksa bipyeong (Critical Review of History) 79.

Chun, Hae jong. 1970. Hanjung gwangyesa yeongu (A Study of the History of the Korean-Chinese Relations). Seoul: Ilchokak.

Fairbank, John K. 1968. “The Early Treaty System in the Chinese World Order.” In The Chinese World Order, edited by John K. Fairbank. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Fuma, Susumu 夫馬進. 2007a. 「明淸中國による對朝鮮外交の鏡としての對ベトナム外交－冊 封問題と問罪の師を中心に」(Ming-Qing China’s Policy towards Vietnam as a Mirror of Its Policy towards Korea: With a Focus on the Question of Investiture and Punitive Expeditions). In 『グロ一バル化時代の人文學－對話と寬 容の知を求めて(下) 共生への問い』, edited by Kihira Eisaku 紀平英作. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.

Fuma, Susumu 夫馬進. ed. 2007b. 『中國東アジア外交交流史の硏究』(Essays on the History of Chinese Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange in East Asia). Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.

Fuma, Susumu 夫馬進. 2008. Yeonhaengsa-wa tongsinsa (Envoys and Emissaries). Translated by Chung Tae Seob. Seoul: Sinseowon.

Gao, Yanlin 高艶林2005. 「」(A Study of the Exchange of Envoys between the Ming and Joseon). 『南開學報』(Nankai Journal) 5.

Hamashita, Takeshi 濱下武志. 1990. 『近代中國の國際的契機: 朝貢貿易システムと近代アジ ア』(Modern China’s International Opportunities: The Tribute Trade System and Modern Asia). Tokyo: Daigaku Shuppankai.

Harata, Tamaki 原田環. 1997. 『朝鮮の開國と近代化』(Opening and Modernization of Joseon Korea). Hiroshima: Kesuisha.

Huang, Zhilian 黃枝連. 1994. 「東亞的禮義世界–中國封建王朝與朝鮮半島關係形態論」(The World of Ritual Property and Righteousness in East Asia: A Study of Models of Relations between Chinese Feudal Dynasties and the Korean Peninsula). In vol. 2 of 『天朝禮治體系硏究』(A Study of the Chinese System of Rule of Propriety). Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Publishing House.

Iwai, Shigeki 岩井茂樹. 2005. 「」(Ming China’s Hegemonism Based on a System Of Rites and the World Order in East Asia). 『東洋文化』(Eastern Culture) 85.

Iwai, Shigeki 岩井茂樹. 2007. 「淸代の互市と沈默外交」(Border Markets and “Quiet Diplomacy” during the Qing Period). In 『中國東アジア外交交流史の硏究』(Essays on the History of Chinese Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange in East Asia), edited by Fuma Susumu 夫馬進. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.

Li, Xinfeng 李新峰. 2003. 「明前期赴朝鮮使臣叢考」(A Complete Overview of the Joseon Envoys in the Early Ming Dynasty). 『明淸論叢』(A Collection of Essays on the Ming-Qing Dynasties) 4.

Li, Yunquan 李雲泉. 2004. 『朝貢制度史論: 中國古代對外關係體制硏究』(History of the Tributary System: Study of the Ancient Chinese System of External Relations). Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House.

Li, Yunquan 李雲泉. 2006. 「朝貢制度的理論淵源與時代特徵」(The Theoretic Resources of Tributary System and Its Characteristics in Different Historical Periods). 『中國邊疆史地硏究』(China’s Borderland History and Geography Studies) 3.

Naquin, Susan, and Evelyn S. Rawski. 1987. Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century. Newhaven and London: Yale University Press.

Nishijima, Sadao 西嶋定生. 1983. 『』(Ancient Chinese States and the East Asian World). Tokyo: Tokyo University Press.

Okamoto, Hiromichi 岡本弘道. 2008. “Foreign Policy and Maritime Trade in the Early Ming Period Focusing on the Liuqiu Kingdom.” Acta Asiatica 95.

Park, Wonho. 2002. Myeongcho joseon gwangyesa yeongu (Early Ming Relations with Joseon). Seoul: Ilchokak.

Qi, Meiqin 祁美琴. 2006. 「」(A Recognition of the Status of Tributary System in the Qing Dynasty). 『中國邊疆史地硏究』(China’s Borderland History and Geography Studies) 1.

Schottenhammer, Angela, ed. 2007. The East Asian Maritime World 1400- 1800: Its Fabrics of Power and Dynamics of Exchanges. Vol. 4 of East Asian Economic and Socio-Cultural Studies: East Asian Maritime History. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.

Sun, Weiguo 孫衛國. 2002. 「論事大主義與朝鮮王朝對明關係」(The Ideology of “Serving the Great” and the Relationship between the Ming and Joseon in the Ming Dynasty). 『南開學報』(Nankai Journal) 4.

Sun, Weiguo 孫衛國. 2007. 『大明旗號與小中華意識』(Flag and Title of the Ming Dynasty and “Small China” Consciousness). Beijing: Commercial Press.

Takara, Kurayoshi 高良倉吉. 2008. Ryukyu wangguk (The Kingdom of Liuqiu). Translated by Won Jungsik. Seoul: Sohwa. Originally published as 『琉球 王國』(Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1993).

Uezato, Takashi 上里隆史. 2008. “The Formation of the Port City of Naha in Liuqiu and the World of Maritime Asia: From the Perspective of a Japanese Network.” Acta Asiatica 95.

Wan, Ming 萬明. 2003. 「15世紀中國與東亞貿易關係的建構」(A Study of the Trade Relations between China and East Asian Countries in the 15th Century). 『明史硏究』(Research on the Ming History) 8.

Wang, Gungwu . 1968. “Early Ming Relations with Southeast Asia: A Background Essay.” In The Chinese World Order, edited by John K. Fairbank. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Wu, Yue 伍躍. 2007. 「朝貢關係と情報收集－朝鮮王朝對中國外交を考えるに際して」(Intelligence Gathering in the Tribute System: the Joseon Dynasty’s Diplomacy vis-à-vis China). In 『中國東アジア外交交流史の硏究』(Essays on the History of Chinese Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange in East Asia), edited by Fuma Susumu. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.

Yi, Sungsi. 2001. Mandeureojin godae (Elaborated Ancient Times). Translated by Park Kyeonghee. Seoul: Samin. Originally published as 『東アジア文化圈 の形成』(Tokyo: Yamakawa Shuppan, 2000).

Yu, Insun. 1987. “Jungwol gwangye-wa jogong jedo” (The Sino-Vietnamese Relations and the Tributary System: Myth and Reality). Yeoksa hakbo (Korean Historical Review) 114.

Yun, Peter. 1998. “Rethinking the Tribute System: Korean States and Northeast Asian Interstate Relations, 600-1600.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles.

Yun, Peter. 2002a. “Joseon-myeong gwangye-eseoui yugyo inyeom-gwa jogong jedo” (Confucian Ideology and the Tribute System in Joseon- Ming Relations). Sachong (Historical Journal of Korea University) 55.

Yun, Peter. 2002b. “Seoga hakgye jogong jedo iron-ui jungguk jungsimjeok munhwaron bipan” (Western Academia’s Criticism of the China-Centered Cultural Theory of the Tributary System). Asea yeongu (Journal of Asiatic Studies) 45.3.

Zhuang, Guotu 莊國土. 2005. 「略論朝貢制度的虛幻: 以古代中國與東南亞的朝貢關係爲例」 (On the Illusiveness of Tributary System: A Case of the Tributary Relations between Ancient China and Southeast Asia). 『南洋問題硏究』(Southeast Asian Affairs) 123.