Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology

초록

100쌍의 離婚夫婦를 中心으로 結婚破綻의 力學的 關係를 밝혔다. 主로 面接法과 投射法이 適用되었다. 밝혀진 影響的인 變因을 羅列해 보면 出生地 學歷別 學歷差 職業 別居期間 經濟水準 結婚準備狀況 婚定의 主眼點, 人和關係, 道德性, 父母의 和合度, 兄弟順位, 性格등이 있다. 그 外에도 몇가지 要因에 關해서는 繼續 硏究가 必要하다. 첫째 韓國의 家族制度 卽 大家族制度는 事實上 團欒한 夫婦生活에 障碍를 주며 複雜한 人和關係를 造成하여 不必要한 葛藤의 溫床이 되는 것 같다. 둘째 經濟的인 基礎가 없는 곳에 幸福한 夫婦關係가 成立될 수 없다. 따라서 生活水準 自體가 높아져야만 하겠다. 셋째 우리 韓國에서 所謂 奉祭祠의 責任이 있는 長男이나 關心의 對象이 치는 獨子나 長女에 對한 家庭敎育이 달라져야 하겠다. 넷째 兒童의 訓育에서 放任的 態度를 取한다는 것은 危險한 일이다. 자칫 解釋을 잘못하여 自由를 放任과 混同하는 일이 있어서는 안될 것 같다. 다섯째 定婚하는데 있어서 可及的 性格이나 生活力같은 現實的이고 內面的인 問題를 考慮하는 冷靜한 態度가 必要한 것 같다. 끝으로 밝혀둘 것은 本硏究에서 比較集團을 使用하지 못하여 變因의 探索約인 硏究에 不過하였다는 點과 紙面關係로 統計資料를 揭載하지 못하였다는 點이다.

Abstract

The purpose of the present investigation was to explore the psychological variables contributing to divorce which had been under proceedings in Seoul Family Court during the period from Oct. 1964 to Dec. 1965. The subject used here were of 100 pairs of married couple selected from the larger population waiting for the juristic solution. They were extremely complicated in psychological aspects. The main procedure in research adopted here was interview technique. For furtherance of understanding the deep lying personality variables, projective technique was also applied. Furthermore. the testimony from the witness was used as complementary information to strengthen the data collected by means of the method above mentioned. The present research yielded the following variables as relevant to divorce; the distance of birthplace of the couple, the difference in academic career between husband and wife, the kind of vocation, the length separation period in married couple, the degree of preparation for marriage life, criteria of choosing the espouse, human relation in family, the morality level of the couple, the degree of happiness of parents, sibling relationship and personality variables. However, other variables not mentioned here for the sake of brevity might be worthy of further research. It is of great regret that because of the lack of control group, the variables seemingly significant here, were not subjected to statistic verification.

초록

Abstract

As demands for psychological tests and their applications rapidly grow in our country, there seems to be a tendency among testers without sound background of trainings as well as among testes to treat the test results purely on mechanical basis i.e. to evaluate the person entirely by these results without giving any considerations to other observable facts. The present article stressed the significance and importance of observation in the process of diagnosing a symptom, and of the relationship between observation and tests, first by clarifying definitions and implications of these two words, and second by explaining the nature of psychological tests.

초록

言語槪念形成의 能力은 不適應이나 다른 精神的 障碍에 依하여 그 機能이 거의 退化하지 않거나 退化된다 하더라도 程度가 甚하지 않기 때문에 抽象的 能力 或은 一般化 能力을 檢査하는 道具로 쓰여진다. KWIS의 共通性 下位檢査는 두가지 事物이나, 두 個의 觀念을 提示하고 그들의 類似性이나 共通되는 點을 찾게하는 檢査이다. 被驗者는 檢査過程에 있어서 提示된 事物이나 觀念을 槪念的으로 抽象化 하거나 一般化하게 되므로 言語槪念形成의 能力을 檢査할 수 있고 이 言語槪念의 形成에 關한 硏究의 한 方法이 되므로 共通性 下位檢査로써 精神分裂症患者의 思考의 特徵을 알아 보았다. 本 硏究結果에 依하면 精神分裂症患者의 言語槪念形成의 能力은 다른 精神能力과 같이 顯著히 退化되어 있을 뿐 아니라 精神分裂症的인 怪異性과 論理가 思考의 內容을 支配하고 있다. 이는 곧 精神分裂症患者의 思考의 能力이 甚히 退化되었음을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

The verbal concept formation Test is used as one of the logical, abstract and generalizing mental function test, because of least deteriorations are carried or scarcely any deterioration by the maladjustment or mental disorder. Similarity subtest of the KWIS is also available as the part of the verbal concept formation test, inquiring into the similarity or commonness of the two things is also a search for the conceptual abstraction or generalization under which two objects or ideas can be subsumed. The results of the study with Similarity subtest of the KWIS suggest that the schizophrenic patients show some deteriorations in the verbal concept formation ability as well as other mental ability in quantitative view point, and qualitatively, they also show the schizophrenic queerness and schizophrenic logics.

초록

본연구는 헛트씨 개정판 B-G검사의 타당도화 아울러 행동화집단과 정상집단 間의 검사상 차가 어떠한 가를 살펴보는데 그 목적을 두었는 바 그차가 몇몇 검사요인에서 뚜렷이 나타났으며 따라서 본검사는 상당한 변별력을 갖고 있으며 또한 유용하게 사용 될 수 있는 검사임이 드러났다. 검사요인중 배열, 그림의 기억수 그리고 침범요인 및 굴곡요인등이 특히 의미 있게 나타났다.

Abstract

In this study, we made an attempt not only to evaluate the validity of the Hutt Adaptation of B-G Test, but also to analyze the performances of the acting-out group on the HA of B-G Test and compare the results with that of the normal group to secure test characteristics of the acting-out group. Subjects The sbjects used in this study consisted of 21 law-breakers in a army stockade and 21 normal EM's who were the cadre personnels of an army hospital The latter group were utilized as a control group. The former group were utilized as to represent the acting-out group, and consisted of those law-breakers such as the ones who had escaped from army more than two times, the outragers and the ones who had used violence. In terms of education, all the subjects consisted of 10 elementary school graduates, 6 middle school graduates, 16 high school graduates and 10 college graduates. Procedure The HA of B-G Test was administered to each subject at a time as to copy, draw out of memory, and elaborate it. In the analysis of the performances of all the subjects, we adopted the Hutt's scoring criteria and compare the results of the analysis of the two groups performance in terms of the difference of the proportions. Results The results secured from the analysis of the performances on the Test are presented in Table I. Some general interpretations can be made from these data. 1. Significantly great many number of the acting-out group showed irregular sequence. This outcome can be interpreted as to coincide with the personality dynamics of the acting-out group. 2. Significantly small number of the figures were only drawn out of memory by the acting- out group, comparing with that of the normal group. Out of this fact, we may assume that the acting-out group's memory power could be greatly inhibited by one or another inner complex. 3. Collision factor sharply differentiated the two groups, that is, only 52% of the acting-out group showed normal performance in terms of collision factor This finding reassured us that the acting-out group was very impulsive. 4. The acting-out group showed significantly gross curvature difficulty. 5. The unexpected outcome was that the acting-out group showed signficantly high consistency in their motor movement. This unexpected finding, however, could be interpreted as to be the sign of the temporary increased conformity to the order due to their stern disciplinary life situation. But this was not anything more than an assumption and so needed further test.

초록

精神醫學的으로 規定된 韓國"正常"成入의 Rorschach 反應을 調査하려는 目的으로 10歲로부터 49歲間의 男女 100名을 선택하여 實施하였다. 被檢者들은 먼저 MMPI로 Screening되었고 施行方法 및 採點方法은 Klopfer의 方法에 依함을 原則으로 하였다. 一般的으로 反應量의 減少와 平凡反應에서의 몇가지 特異한 點들이 注目할만하다고 보겠다.

Abstract

With an attempt to study on the normative responses to the Rorschach ink-blots among Korean adults, we administered the Rorschach test to 100 Korean adults of both sexes, aged from 10 to 49, with a relatively even distribution of educational background among them. The subjects were screened beforehand by MMPI in order to assure their normality. Methods of administration and scoring were along the line of Klopfer (1962). A general low level of productivity (R) including fewer M, FC and F%, retarded reaction time, and a few new popular responses with omission of some responses treated as popular by Klopfer may be said conspicuous results among others.

초록

神經症및 精神炳으로 入院한 患者 100名의 MMPI Profiles을 比較檢討하였다. 그 結果 神經症患者群에서는 所謂 Neurotic triad(Hs,D,Hy)가 현저하게 上昇되었고 精神炳患者群에서는 所謂 Psychotic Tetrad(Pa,Pt,Sc,Ma)가 현저하게 上昇됨과 同時에 比較的 上昇傾向이 있는 Neurotic Triad 보다 더 현저한 上昇을 보이고 있어 Gough의 結果와 비슷한 현상을 나타내고 있다. 故로 MMPI의 神經症 및 精神病診斷에의 有用性이 韓國人에 對해서도 妥當함을 알 수 있다.

Abstract

MMPI profiles of 40 neurotic and 60 psychotic admitted patients were compared in order to evaluate the discriminating power of the test among normals, neurotics and psychotics (mostly schizophrenics). The results revealed that 1) among neurotics, the so-called neurotic triad (Hs, D, Hy) is conspicuously elevated than other factors, 2) among psychotics, the so-called psychotic tetrad (Pa, Pt, Sc, and Ma) is elevated conspicuously and more than the neurotic triad which is also elevated above the normal range. The pyramid shape of the validity profile in the psychotic group is also noteworthy when compared with that of both normal and neurotic group. However, the relatively slight difference in the degree of profile elevation between normals and neurotics or psychotics may need further considerations for factors concerned.

초록

本 硏究는 質問紙型 性格檢査에 作用하는 抑制變因으로서의 受檢態度에 關聯하여 MMPI의 L, F, K 3個 妥當度尺度들의 實際的인 妥當性與否를 檢討함으로써 本檢査의 診斷的 活用價値를 높이려는 目的으로 이루어진 것이다. 本硏究의 問題로는 첫재, 臨床尺度上에 나타난 프로파일이 서로 다른 集團들이 보여줄 3個 妥當度尺度에서의 反應傾向에 關한 3個의 假說檢證에 依하여 集團別 受檢態度를 捕捉하고, 둘째, 3個 妥當度尺度를 構成한 各問項에 대한 該當尺度內에서의 妥當性을 檢討하는 것이다. 對象은 正常人 500餘名과 入院精神病患者 200餘名 都合 700餘名으로 이들 中에서 無選標集된 正常人 250名으로써 潛定的인 規準을 만들고 이에 비추어 正常人 100名과 患者 80名을 標集하여 實驗集團을 構成한 바 그들의 平均年齡은 各各 20.3歲, 25.4歲였다. 이 實驗集團은 被驗者가 正常人인가 患者인가, 또 프로파일이 正常인가 異常인가에 따라 모두 4個 集團으로 構成했다. 그 다음, 이 4個의 實驗集團別로 3個尺度 各各에 對한 原點數의 集中傾向値와 變散度를 算出하고 그 結果를 變量分析함으로써 [問題 1]을 處理하였으며, [問題 2]는 L, F, K 尺度를 構成하고 있는 109個問項 全部에 對해 問項別反應頻度를 算出하여 그 結果를 [問題 1]에서 나온 結果 및 各問項들의 採點方向과 關聯시켜서 그 問項들의 妥當性을 檢討하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to improve the validity of MMPI as a diagnostic tool through examine the three validity scales of L, F and K of the test in relation to their effect of test-taking attitudes as a suppressor variable upon personality inventory. Two problems were taken for this research as follows: (1) Grasping the test-taking attitudes of each group, which shows different profiles, by examine the three hypotheses about the response tendency on. validity scales. (2) Testing the item validity about all the items contained in the three validity scales. The subjects were 500 normals and 200hospitalized psychotic patients. Among them 250 normals by random sampling were used for a tentative norm. According to two dimensions i. e. whether a subject is a normal or patient, and his MMPI profile is normal or abnormal, four experimental groups were constructed with 100 normals and 80 patients. Three hypotheses which established to solve the problem are as these: 1. High Lscores indicate the response tendency in socially desirable way. Therefore, the Group Pn should obtain the highest L scores among the four groups. 2. High F scores would be obtained when a subject would misrespond to the items because of his carelessness or thoughtlessness or ignorance about the MMPI items or excessive emotional disorders at the test situation. So, the Group Pab should reveal the highest F scores among the four groups. 3. The K scale measures the test-taking attitudes of subjects. And first, high K scores should be produced by the Group Pn owing to their conscious effort to fake good. Next, low K scores should be obtained by the Group Pab for their response tendency to bake bad or to reveal their problems in excessively frank due to their self-criticism. The methods used to solve the Problem [ was that Mean, Median and Standard Deviation of each validity scale scores were calculated for the four groups separately and then Analysis of Variance was taken. Next, on problem 2, item response frequencies for 109 items of the three validity scales were counted. And then, the item validities were examined by combinations of three conditions, item response frequency of each item, scoring direction of it and the results of problem 1. The conclusions of this research are as follows: 1. Subjects, who are different with scores of L, F and K scales of the MMPI, have signficantly different test-taking attitudes according to accepting the three hypotheses of the problem 1. 2. As a result of problem 2, 10 items among 109 items of the three validity scales are found invalid.