open access
메뉴E-ISSN : 2733-4538
The Hypomania Symptom Checklist-32 (HCL-32) has been developed in several European countries to detect and diagnose present or past hypomanic episodes. The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the HCL-32 scale and validate its psychometric properties. The participation in our study were 200 patients with a principal DSM-IV diagnosis of type I (N=55) or type II (N=37) bipolar disorder or unipolar major depression (N=108). All underwent a formal, structured diagnostic assessment. The internal consistency of the Korean version of the HCL-32 was found to be 0.88. We analysed the best cut-off point by means of a ROC curve analysis and, for 12 affirmative responses, obtained a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.55. It has suggested that the Korean version has two main factors as found in previous studies. The Korean version of the HCL-32 has good psychometric properties and sufficient sensitivity and specificity. While it is expected that this scale will be helpful in clinical settings and research protocols in Korea, further studies are needed with larger samples of bipolar patients.
아중서, 배승오, 안용민, 박두병, 노경선, 신현균, 우행원, 이흥식, 한상익, 김용식 (2005). 한국판 Hamilton 우울증 평가 척도의 신뢰도, 타당도 연구. 신경정신의학회지: 44, 456-465.
전덕인, 윤보현, 정한용, 하규섭, 신영철, 박원명 (2005). 한국형 기분장애 질문지의 타당화 연구. 신경정신의학회지: 44(5), 583- 590.
정희연, 조현상, 주연호, 신현균, 이중서, 황석현, 김용식 (2003). Young 조증 평가 척도의 한국판 표준화 연구. 신경정신의학회지: 42, 263-269.
American Psychiatry Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychiatry Association. (2002). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder(revision). American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(suppl), s1-s50.
Angst, J. (1986). The course of affective disorders. Psychopathology, 19(suppl 2), 47-52.
Angst, J., Adolfsson, R., Benazzi, F., Hantouche, E., Meyer, T., Skeppar, P., Vieta, E., Scott, J. (2005). The HCL-32: Towards a self- assessment tool for hypomanic symptoms in outpatients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 88, 217-233.
Akiskal, H. S. (1995). The bipolar spectrum: research and clinical perspectives. Encephale, 21(6), 3-11
Akiskal, H. S, & Pinto, O. (1999). The evolving bipolar spectrum. Protorype I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV. Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 22, 517-534
Benazzi, F. (2003). Improving the mood disorder questionnaire to detect bipolar Ⅱ disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48(11), 770-771.
Berk, M., & Dodd, S. (2005). Bipolar Ⅱ disorder: a review. Bipolar Disorders, 7, 11-21.
Coryell, W., Scheftner, W., Keller, M., Endicott, J., Maser, J., & Klerman, G. L. (1993). The enduring psychosocial consequences of mania and depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 720-727.
Goodwin, F., & Jamison, K. (1990). Manic- Depressive Illness. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hamilton M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56-52.
Hantouche E. G., Akiskal H. S., Lancrenon S., Allilaire J. F., Sechter D., Azorin J. M., Bourgeois M., Fraud J. P., & Chatenet- Duchene L. (1998). Systematic clinical methodology for validating bipolar Ⅱ disorder: data in mid-stream from a French national multi-site study(EPIDEP). Journal of Affective Disorders, 50, 163-173.
Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Williams, J. B. W., Spitzer, R. L., Calabrese, J. R., Flynn, L., Keck, P. E. Jr., Lewis, L., McElroy, S. L., Post, R. M., Rapport, D. J., Russell, J. M., Sacks, G. S., & Zajecka, J. (2000). Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(Ⅱ), 1873-1875.
Hirschfeld, R. M. A.. (2001). Bipolar spectrum disorder: improving its recognition and diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(suppl 14), 5-9.
Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Calabrese, J. R., Weissman, M. M., Reed, M., Davies, M. A., Frye, M. A., Keck, P. E. Jr., Lewis, L., McElroy, S. L., McNulty, J. P., Wagner, K.. D. (2003). Screening for bipolar disorder in the community. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(I), 53-59.
Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Holzer, C., Calabrese, J. R., Weissman, M., Reed, M., Davies, M.A., Frye, M.A., Keck, P. E. Jr., McElroy, S. L., Lewis, L., Tierce, J., Wagner, K.D., & Hazard, E. (2003). Validity of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire: a general population study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(I), 178-180.
Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Lewis, L., & Vornik, L. A. (2003). Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(2), 161-174.
Keller, M. B., Lavori, P. W., Coryell, W., Endicott, J., Mueller, T. I. (1993). Bipolar I: a five-year prospective follow-up. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 238-245.
Mago, R. (2001). Bipolar disorder questionnaire (Letter to the editor). American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1743.
Scott, J. (2002). Overcoming Mood Swings. London: Constable Robinson.
Tohen, M., Waternaux, C., & Tsuang, M. (1990). Outcome in mania: a 4-year prospective follow-up of 75 patients utilizing survival analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 1106-1111.
Vieta, E., Sanchez-Moreno, J., Bulbena, A., Chamorro, L., Ramos, J. L., Artal, J., Perez, F., Oliveras, M. A., Valle, J., Lahuerta, J., & Angst, J. (2007). Cross validation with the mood disorder questionnaire(MDQ) of an instrument for the detection of hypomania in Spanish: The 32 item hypomania symptom checklist(HCL-32). Journal of Affective Disorders, 101, 43-55.
Wu, Y. S., Angst, J., Ou, C. S., Chen, H. C., & Lu, R. B. (2008). Validation of the Chinese version of the Hypomania Checklist(HCL-32) as an instrument for detecting hypo(mania) in patients with mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 106, 133-143.
Young, R. C., Biggs, T., Ziegler, V. E., & Meyer, D. A. (1978). A rating scale for mania: Reliability, validity, and sensitivity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 429-435.
Zimmermann, M., Posternak, M.A., Chelminski, I., & Solomon, D. A. (2004). Using questionnaires to screen for psychiatric disorders: a comments on the study of screening for bipolar disorder in the community. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(5), 605-610.