E-ISSN : 2733-4538
The current study was conducted to shed light on the specific mechanism by which self-compassion, separately from or activated by life stress, influences psychological health. Based on previous studies and literatures, mediated moderation models were proposed, in which decentering plays a mediating role in the link between self-compassion and psychological health, as well as in the moderation effect of self-compassion and life stress on psychological health. Four hundred eighty five university students completed an assessment battery consisting of the measures of self-compassion, life stress, decentering, psychological well-being, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Path analyses and Sobel's tests were used to evaluate the mediated moderation models and the mediational effects of decentering. The results indicated that the mediated moderation models provided a close fit to the data on psychological well-being, as well as depressive or anxiety symptoms. Decentering partially mediated the influence of self-compassion on psychological well-being and it fully mediated the impact of self-compassion moderated by life stress on psychological well-being. In contrast, these mediational effects of decentering on depressive and anxiety symptoms were not supported. These results suggest that one way via which self-compassion, separately from or activated by life stress, has positive effects on psychological well-being is through increasing decentering. In addition, self-compassion interacted with life stress such that it played a more prominent role in protecting against anxiety symptoms during higher life stress than during lower life stress. Finally, the results were discussed in terms of the possibility of other constructs to mediate the relationship between self-compassion and psychological health, particularly depressive or anxiety symptoms, and their implications for research and treatment, as well as the limitations of this study.
권석만 (2006). 위빠사나 명상의 심리치유적 기능. 불교와 심리. 서울: 불교와 심리연구원.
김경의, 이금단, 조용래, 채숙희, 이우경 (2008). 한국판 자기 자비척도의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 13, 1023-1044.
김명소, 김혜원, 차경호 (2001). 심리적 안녕감의 구성개념 분석: 한국 성인 남녀를 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 15, 19-39.
김빛나, 임영진, 권석만 (2010). 탈중심화가 내부초점적 반응양식과 우울증상에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 29, 573-596.
김소정, 김지혜, 윤세창 (2010). 한국판 반추적 반응척도(K-RRS)의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 29, 1-19.
유연화, 이신혜, 조용래 (2010). 자기 자비, 생활 스트레스, 사회적 지지와 심리적 증상들의 관계. 인지행동치료, 10, 43-59.
이영호 (1993). 귀인양식, 생활사건, 사건 귀인, 무망감 및 우울수준과의 관계: 공변량구조모형 접근. 서울대학교 일반대학원 박사학위청구논문.
이영호, 송종용 (1991). BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10, 98-113.
이우경 (2008). 중년기 여성의 스트레스, 마음챙김, 자기-자애, 정서적 안녕감 간의 관계 구조분석과 마음챙김 증진 프로그램의 효과 연구. 이화여자대학교 일반대학원 박사학위 청구논문.
이우경, 방희정 (2008). 성인기 여성의 스트레스, 마음챙김, 자기-자애, 심리적 안녕감 및 심리 증상 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 21, 127-146.
전겸구, 김교헌, 이준석 (2000). 개정된 대학생용 생활 스트레스 척도 개발 연구. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 5, 316-335.
조용래 (2010). 상위인지와 수용처치가 수행불안에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 29, 1087-1116.
조용래, 김은정 (2004). 한국판 불안통제질문지의 심리측정적 속성. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 23, 503-519.
조현주, 현명호 (2011). 자기 비판과 우울관계에서 지각된 스트레스와 자기 자비의 효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 16, 49-62.
최예종, 조용래 (2009). 정서조절곤란과 수용처치가 대학생의 우울기분 변화에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 28, 1107- 1134.
홍세희 (2000). 구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19, 161-178.
홍세희 (2008). 구조방정식모형: 고급방법. 고급연구방법론 워크샵 시리즈 4 자료집. S & M 리서치 그룹.
Allen, N. B., & Knight, W. E. J. (2005). Mindfulness, compassion for self, and compassion for others: Implications for understanding the psychopathology and treatment of depression. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualizations, research, and use in psychotherapy (pp.239-262). Hove: Routledge.
Arbuckle, J. L. (2003). AMOS 5.0 user's guide. Chicago: SmallWaters Corporation.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An Inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
Browne, M., W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models(pp.136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Cheng, S. K. (2001). Life stress, problem solving, perfectionism, and depressive symptoms in Chinese. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 303-310.
Cho, Y. (2010). The effects of a mindfulness-based therapeutic intervention for improving psychological health among university students in Korea. Paper presented at the 44th Annual Convention of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, San Francisco, California.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Appled multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences(third edition). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., van Dulmen, M. H., M., Segal Z. V., Ma, S. H., Teasdale J. D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2007). Initial psychometric properties of the Experiences Questionnaire: Validation of a self-report measure of decentering. Behavior Therapy, 10, 1-13.
Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. Hove: Routledge.
Gilbert, P. & Proctor, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 13, 353-379.
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An out-patient program in Behavioral Medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of Mindfulness meditation: The theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 33-47.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 207-222.
Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 887-904.
Lloyd, C. (1980). Life events and depressive disorders reviewed: 2. Events as precipitating factors. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 541-548.
Loehlin, J. C. (1992). Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis. Hilsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
McLauhlin, K. A., Mennin, D. S., & Farach, F. J. (2007). The contributory role of worry in emotion generation and dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1735-1752.
Muller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2005). When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 852-863.
Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85-102.
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self- compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250.
Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4, 263-287.
Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality. 41, 139-154.
Raes, F. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and depression and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 757-761.
Raes, F. (2011). The effect of self-compassion on the development of depression symptoms in a nonclinical sample. Mindfulness, 2, 33-36.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 549-559.
Safran, J. D., & Segal, Z. V. (1990). Interpersonal processes in cognitive therapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (1996). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: Guilford Press.
Shapiro, S. L., Astin, J. A., Bishop, S. R., & Cordova, M. (2005). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for health care professionals: Results from a randomized trial. International Journal of Stress Management, 12, 164-176.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445.
Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt(Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp.290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Teasdale, J. D., Moore, R. G., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., Williams, S., & Segal, Z. V. (2002). Metacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression: Empirical evidence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 275-287.
Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 247-259.
Van Dam, N. T., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, P., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 123-130.