바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

A Validation Study of the Korean Version of the Inventory of Personality Organization

Abstract

This report describes the psychometric properties of the primary scales of the Inventory of Personality Organization(IPO; Kernberg & Clarkin, 1995; Clarkin, Foelsch, & Kernberg, 2001), which assess Primitive Defenses, Identity Diffusion, and Impairment of Reality Testing in a nonclinical sample. Participants (N=477) completed the IPO and measures of theoretically related concepts. The results were as follows. First, the three IPO scales displayed adequate internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. Second, confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure of the IPO (i.e., Primitive Defense, Identity Diffusion, and Impairment of Reality Testing). Third, each of the three IPO scales was associated with an immature defense mechanism, lack of self-concept clarity, and schizotypy. as well as a negative affect, aggression, anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, and insecure attachment. Finally, differences in psychological and emotional features were observed between a neurotic personality organization group, a borderline personality organization group, and a psychotic personality organization group. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the IPO possesses an appreciable reliability and validity.

keywords
Inventory of Personality Organization(IPO), reliability, validity, psychometric properties, confirmatory factor analysis, 성격조직화 척도(IPO), 신뢰도, 타당도, 심리측정적 속성, 확인적 요인분석

Reference

1.

계은주 (2001). 특성불안과 우울수준에 따른 자아방어기제 사용. 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

2.

김은정, 권정혜 (1998). 우울 증상과 대인관계 취약성: 성인기 애착관계 형성을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 17, 139-153.

3.

김정택 (1978). 특성불안과 사회성과의 관계: Spielberger의 STAI룰 중심으로. 고려대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

4.

손승연 (2010). 성인애착과 원하지 않는 성관계 응낙의 관계: 자아존중감과 성적자기주장의 매개효과. 성신여자대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

5.

서수균, 권석만 (2002). 한국판 공격성 질문지의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 21, 487-501.

6.

양현정 (2002). 대학생활적응에 영향을 미치는 일상적 스트레스와 자아존중감의 상호작용효과. 연세대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

7.

윤선아 (2010), 한국판 분열형 성격장애 척도-단축형(Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire -Brief: SPQ-B)의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 29, 491-504.

8.

이수현 (2005). 자기복잡성과 자기개념 명료성이 심리적 적응에 미치는 영향. 서울대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

9.

이현희, 김은정, 이민규 (2003). 한국판 정적 정서 및 부적 정서 척도의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 22, 935-946.

10.

전겸구, 최상진, 양병창 (2001). 통합적 한국판 CES-D 개발. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 6, 59- 76.

11.

조성호 (1999). 한국판 방어유형 질문지 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지; 상담과 심리치료, 11, 115-137.

12.

조용래 (2007). 정서조절곤란의 평가: 한국판 척도의 심리측정적 속성. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 28, 1015-1038.

13.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., test revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

14.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

15.

Arntz, A., & Bernstein, D. (2006). Can personality disorders be changed? Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 62, 8-18.

16.

Bandalos, D. L., & Finney, S. J. (2001). Item parceling issues in structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.), New developments and techniques in structural equation modeling (pp. 269-296). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

17.

Berghuis, H., Kamphuis, J. H., Boedijn, G., & Verheul, R. (2009). Psychometric properties and validity of the Dutch Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-NL). Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 73, 44-60.

18.

Bond, M., Gardner, S., Christian, J., & Sigal, J. (1983). Empirical study of self-rated defense styles. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 333-338.

19.

Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.

20.

Buckholdt, K. E., Parra, G. R., & Jobe-Shields, L. (2009). Emotion regulation as a mediator of the relation between emotion socialization and deliberate self harm. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79, 482-490.

21.

Buss, A., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.

22.

Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavalee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlations and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70. 141-156.

23.

Clarkin, J. F., Caligor, E., Stern, B., & Kernberg, O. F. (2004). Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO). New York: Weil Cornell Medical College.

24.

Clarkin, J. F., Foelsch, P. A., & Kernberg, O. F. (2001). The Inventory of Personality Organization. White Plains, NY: The Personality Disorders Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Weil College of Medicine of Cornell University.

25.

Clarkin, J. F., Lenzenweger, M. F., Yeomans, F., Levy, K. N., & Kernberg, O. F. (2007). An object relations model of borderline pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 474-499.

26.

Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couple. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644-663.

27.

Comtois, K. A., Cowley, D. S., Dunner, D. L., & Roy-Byrne, P. P. (1999). Relationship between borderline personality disorder and Axis I diagnosis in severity of depression and anxiety. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60, 752-758.

28.

Diguer, L., & Normandin, L. (1996). The Personality Organizations Diagnostic Form (PODF). Unpublished manuscript, Université Laval, Québec.

29.

Ellison, W. D., & Levy, K. N. (2012). Factor structure of the primary scales of the Inventory of Personality Organization in a nonclinical sample using exploratory structural equation modeling. Psychological Assessment, 24, 503-517.

30.

Fonagy, P. (2000). Attachment and borderline personality disorder. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 48, 1129-1146.

31.

Fornel, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural evaluations model with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, p. 39-50.

32.

Gamache, D., Laverdiere, O., Diguer, L., Hebert, E., Larochelle, S., & Descoteaux, J. (2009). The Personality Organization Diagnostic Form: Development of a revised version. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 368-377.

33.

Gratz, K. L. & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties of emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54.

34.

Gunderson, J. G., Links, P. S., & Reich, J. H. (1991). Competing models of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5, 60-68.

35.

Herr, N. R., Rosenthal, M. Z., Geiger, P. J., & Erikson, K. (2013). Difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the relationship between borderline personality disorder symptom severity and interpersonal problems. Personality and Mental Health, 7, 191-202.

36.

Igarashi, H., Kikuchi, H., Kano, R., Mitoma, H., Shono, M., Hasui, C., & Kitamura, T. (2009). The Inventory of Personality Organization: Its psychometric properties among student and clinical populations in Japan. Annals of General Psychiatry, 8, Article 9.

37.

Igarashi, H., Hasui, C., Uji, M., Shono, M., Nagata, T., & Kitamura T. (2010). Effects of child abuse history on borderline personality traits, negative life events, and depression: a study among a university student population in Japan. Psychiatry Research, 180, 120-5.

38.

Kernberg, O. F. (1975). Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson.

39.

Kernberg, O. F. (1984). Severe personality disorders. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

40.

Kemberg, O. F., & Caligor, E. (2005). A psychoanalytic theory of personality disorders. In J. F. Clarkin & M. F. Lenzenweger (Eds.), Major theories of personality disorder (2nd ed.) (pp. 106-140). New York: Guilford Press.

41.

Kernberg, O. F., & Clarkin, J. F. (1995). The Inventory of Personality Organization. White Plains, NY: The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center.

42.

Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (2005). Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood: A dimensional- spectrum conceptualization and its implications for DSM–V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 537-550.

43.

Lenzenweger, M. F., Clarkin, J. F., Kernberg, O. F., & Foelsch, P. A. (2001). The Inventory of Personality Organization: Psychometric properties, factorial composition, and criterion relations with affect, aggressive dyscontrol, psychosis proneness, and self-domains in a nonclinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 13, 577-591.

44.

Lenzenweger, M. F., McClough, J. F., Clarkin, J. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2012). Exploring the interface of neurobehaviorally linked personality dimensions and personality organization in borderline personality disorder: the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire and Inventory of Personality Organization. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 902-18.

45.

Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural equation modeling, 9, 151-173.

46.

Little, T. D., Rhemtulla, M., Gibson, K., & Schoemann, A. M. (2013). Why the items versus parcels controversy needn't be one. Psychological Methods, 18, 285-300.

47.

Livesley, W. J. (2003). Diagnostic dilemmas in classifying personality disorder. In K. A. Phillips, M. B. First, & H. A. Pincus (Eds.), Advancing DSM: Dilemmas in psychiatric diagnosis (pp. 153-190). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

48.

Lowyck, B., Luyten, P., Verhaest, Y., Vandeneede, B., & Vermote, R. (2013). Levels of personality functioning and their association with clinical features and interpersonal functioning in patients with personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 320-36.

49.

MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 4, 84-99.

50.

Millon, T. (2005). An evolutionary theory of personality disorders. In J. F. Clarkin & M. F. Lenzenweger (Eds.), Major theories of personality disorder (2nd ed.) (pp. 221-346). New York: Guilford Press.

51.

Nunnally, J. C, & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed). New York; McGraw-Hill.

52.

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.

53.

Raine, A. (1991) The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizotypal Bulletin, 17, 555-564.

54.

Raine, A. & Benishay, D. (1995). The SPQ-B: a brief screeing instrument for schizotypal personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 9, 346-355.

55.

Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York: Basic Books.

56.

Saulsman, L. M., & Page, A. C. (2004). The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1055-1085.

57.

Smits, D. J. M., Vermote, R., Claes, L., & Vertommen, H. (2009). The Inventory of Personality Organization-Revised: Construction of an abridged version. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25, 223-230.

58.

Stern, B. L., Caligor, E., Clarkin, J. F., Critchfield, K. L., Hoerz, S., Maccornack, V., Lenzenweger, M. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2010). Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO): Preliminary psychometrics in a clinical sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92. 35-44.

59.

Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, C.A.: Consulting Psychologist Press, Inc.

60.

Spitzer, R. L., First, M. B., Shedler, J., Westen, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2008). Clinical utility of five dimensional systems for personality diagnosis: A “consumer preference” study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 356-374.

61.

Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 59, 25-52.

62.

Trull, T. J., & Durrett, C. A. (2005). Categorical and dimensional models of personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 355-380.

63.

Verreault, M., Sabourin, S., Lussier, Y., Normandin, L., Clarkin, J. F. (2014). Assessment of personality organization in couple relationships: factorial structure of the inventory of personality organization and incremental validity over neuroticism. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 85-95.

64.

Watson, D. (2005). Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM–V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 522-536.

65.

Watson, D., & Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.

66.

West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications (pp. 56-75). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

67.

Widiger, T. A., & Clark, L. A. (2000). Toward DSM–V and the classification of psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 946-963.

68.

Widiger, T. A., & Samuel, D. B. (2005). Diagnostic categories or dimensions: A question for DSM–V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 494-504.

69.

Zanarini, M. D., & Frankenburg, F. R. (1997). Pathways to the development of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 11, 93-104.

logo