E-ISSN : 2733-4538
The present study was designed to elucidate attentional bias in social anxiety using a spatial cueing task and to examine whether attentional biases are differentiated by threat level. The participants were recruited from a larger sample of about 1500 undergraduates completing the Social Phobia Scale and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Those who had scores above the moderate level of social anxiety on these scales and agreed to participate were assigned to the social anxiety group and those with scores under the mean to the normal control group. Social anxiety group was divided into clinical social anxiety disorder group and subclinical social anxiety disorder group using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Participants were informed that they would make a speech to a live video camera in which they would be evaluated for their performance. Next, they completed the spatial cueing task which assessed the speed of engagement and disengagement from pictorial cues depicting high-threat, low-threat, or neutral content with three exposure durations (80msec, 300msec, and 500msec). Firstly, clinical social anxiety disorder group did not show initial vigilance toward high-threat pictures at 80msec exposure time, but showed difficulty in disengagement at 300msec, which was followed by avoidance for high-threat pictures at 500msec. Secondly, subclinical social anxiety disorder group did not show any attentional bias both high-threat pictures. Thirdly, the effect of low-threat on disengagement delay and avoidance was different between clinical social anxiety disorder group and subclinical social anxiety disorder group: clinical social anxiety disorder group showed disengagement delay at 300msec and avoidance at 500msec which was same with attentional bias pattern with high-threat pictures due to negative interpretation bias effect for low-threat stimuli, but subclinical social anxiety disorder group showed enhanced disengagement delay 500msec instead of attentional avoidance at 500msec due to threat negation. Implication and future research direction was discussed.
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