E-ISSN : 2733-4538
The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical utility of the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL6-18) subscales for predicting Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) group from non-referred and non-ADHD psychiatric control groups. The ADHD inattentive type group included 43 (35 boys, 8 girls, age range 6-18, mean age 9.77 yrs) participants and the ADHD combined type group included 34 (31 boys, 3 girls, age range 7-14, mean age 9.12 yrs) participants. The non-referred group was demographically matched for sex and age (n=77, mean age 9.48) to each ADHD group. The non-ADHD psychiatric control group consisted of 26 boys and 16 girls (age range 7-16, mean age 12.07 yrs). An ANOVA, ROC curve analysis, and odds ratio analysis were performed on all the scales of CBCL6-18 data obtained on the participants. The overall results supported the efficiency and clinical utility of several scales of the CBCL6-18 in discriminating between ADHD and non-ADHD groups, and the DSM ADHD scale was the most successful. The clinical cutoff-score-criteria adopted for the CBCL6-18 were shown to be statistically valid, but lower cutoff score is more effective for discriminating the ADHD group from the non-referred group. The implications of using the CBCL6-18 in Korea as a clinical tool for diagnosing ADHD were discussed.
김영신, 소유경, 노주선, 최낙경, 김세주, 고윤주 (2003). 한국어판 부모 및 교사용ADHD 평가 척도(K-ARS)의 규준 연구. 신경정신의학, 42(3), 352-359.
김정민, 송수지 (2014). 중학생의 주의집중 문제와 학교생활적응의 관계에서 우울의 매개효과. 한국청소년연구, 25(1), 5-27.
김지혜, 소유경, 정유숙, 이임순, 홍성도 (2000). 주의력결핍/과잉운동행동장애(ADHD) 아동의 진단도구로서 부모용 행동 평가지의타당도 연구: 한국아동인성검사와 아동, 청소년 행동평가척도를 중심으로. 소아청소년정신의학, 11, 282-289.
보건복지부 (2010). 문제행동아동 조기개입서비스 매뉴얼 개발.
안동현 (2009). 청소년 정신건강장애. 대한의사협회지, 52(8), 745-757.
오경자, 김영아 (2010). ASEBA 아동․청소년행동평가척도 매뉴얼. 서울: ㈜휴노
오경자, 이혜련, 홍강의, 하은혜 (1997). 아동, 청소년 행동평가척도(K-CBCL). 서울: 중앙적성연구소.
오경자, 이혜련 (1989). 주의력 결핍 과잉 활동증 평가도구로서의 단축형 Conners 평가척도의 활용. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 8(1), 135-142.
유숙경, 민윤희 (2013). 뇌병변장애를 가진ADHD 청소년의 미술치료가 주의집중문제와 공격행동에 미치는 영향. 한국상담심리치료학회지, 4(1), 21-39.
이수진, 하은혜, 오경자 (2008). ROC 분석을 통한 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동의 변별: K-CBCL 소척도를 기준으로. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 27(1), 191-207.
이해영, 배대석 (2012). 아동․청소년 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애평가에서 (전산화)신경심리검사의 기여도. 정서․행동장애연구, 28(4), 143-171.
Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). DSM-oriented and empirically based approaches to constructing scales from the same item pools. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(3), 328-340.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms &Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
Aebi, M., Metzke, C. W., Steinhausen, H. (2010). Accuracy of the "DSM"-Oriented Attention Problem Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist in Diagnosing Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Attention Disorders, 13(5), 454-463.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (1999). Comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(1), 57-87.
Aschenbrand, S. G., Angelosante, A. G., & Kendall, P. C. (2005). Discriminant validity and clinical utility of the CBCL with anxiety-disordered youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 735-746.
Bagwell, C. L., Molina, B. S., Pelham, W. E. Jr., & Hoza, B. (2001). ADHD and problems in peers relations: predictors from childhood to adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1285-1292.
Barkley, R. A. (2012). Distinguishing sluggish cognitive tempo from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(4), 978.
Barkely, R. A. (2013). Distinguishing sluggish cognitive tempo from ADHD in children and adolescent: executive functioning, impairment, and comorbidity. Journal of Clinical Child &Adolescent Psychology, 42(2), 161-173.
Barkley, R. A., DuPaul, G. J., & Mcmurray, M. B. (1990). Comprehensive evaluation of attention deficit disorder with ad without hyperactivity as defined by research criteria. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 775-789.
Barkley, R. A., Fischer, M., Smallish, L., & Fletcher, K. (2004). Young adult follow-up of hyperactive children: Antisocial activities and drug use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 195-211.
Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., & Fischer, M. (2008). ADHD in adults: What the science says. New York, NY: Guilford.
Biederman, J., Ball, S. W., Monuteaux, M. C., Kaiser, R., Faraone, S. V. (2008). CBCL clinical scales discriminate ADHD youth with Structured-Interview Derived Diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder(ODD). Journal of Attention Disorders, 12(1), 76-82.
Danckaerts, M., Heptinstall, E., Chadwick, O., Taylor, E. (1999). Self-report of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in adolescents. Psychopathology, 32(2), 81-92.
DeWolfe, N. A., Byrne, J. M., & Bawden, H. (2000). ADHD in preschool: parent-rated psychosocial correlates. Developmental Medicine &Child Neurology, 42, 825-830.
DuPaul, G. J., Power, T. J., Anastopoulos, A. D., Reid, R., McGoey, K. E., & Ikeda, M. J. (1997). Teacher ratings of attetion deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: Factor structure and normative data. Psychological Assessment, 9, 436-444.
Eiraldi, R., Power, T. J., & Nezu, C. M. (1997). Patterns of comorbidity associated with subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactvity disorder among 6 to 12-year-old children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 503-514.
Falsetti, S. A., Resnick, H. S., Resick, P. A., &Kilpatrick, D. G. (1993). The Modified PTSD Symptom Scale: A brief self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Therapist, 16, 161-162.
Fletcher, K., Fischer, M., Barkley, R. A., &Smallish, L. (1996). A sequential analysis of the mother-adolescent interactions of ADHD, ADHD/ODD, and Normal teenagers neutral and conflict discussions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 271-298.
Hinshaw, S. P. (2002). Preadolescent girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: I. Background characteristics, comorbidity, cognitive and social functioning, and parenting practices. Journal of Consulting and Clinical psychology, 70(5), 1086.
Hinshaw S. P., Nigg, J. T. (1999). Behavior rating scales in the assessment of disruptive behavior problems in childhood. In D. Shaffer, C., P. Lucas, & J. E. Richters (Eds.), Diagnostic assessment in child and adolescent psychopathology (pp. 91-126). New York:Guilford Press.
Holmes, W. C. (1998). A short, psychiatric, case-finding measure for HIV seropositive outpatients. Medical Care, 36(2), 237-243.
Jensen, P. S., Martin, D., & Cantwell, D. P. (1997). Comorbidity in ADHD: Implications for research, practice, and DSM-V. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1065-1079.
Keenan, K., Wakschlag, L. (2000). More than the terrible twos: The nature and severity of disruptive behavior problems in clinic-referred preschool children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 33-46.
Kendall, P. C. (2011). 아동․청소년 심리치료(신현균, 김정호, 최영미 역). 서울: 학지사. (원서출판 2010).
Kim, J. Y., Ahn, D. H., & Shin, Y. J. (1999). An epidemiological study of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in a rural area. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 38(4), 784-793.
Lacalle, M., Ezpeleta, L., & Doménech, J. M. (2012). DSM-oriented scales of the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report in clinically referred Spanish children. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 377-387.
Lahey, B. B., Schaughency, E. A., Hynd, G. W., Carlson, C. L., Nieves, N. (1987). Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity:comparison of behavioral characteristics of clinic-referred children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(5), 716-723.
Lahey, B. B. & Willcutt, E. G. (2002). Validity of the diagnosis and dimensions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In: Jensen PJ, Cooper JR, editors. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: State of the Science. Civic Research Institute; New York.
Lahey, B. B., & Willcutt, E. G. (2010). Predictive validity of a continuous alternative to nominal subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for DSM–V. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(6), 761-775.
Lampert, T. L., Polanczyk, G., Tramontina, S., Mardini, V., Rohde, L. A. (2004). Diagnostic performance of the CBCL-Attention Problem Scale as a screening measure in a sample of Brazilian children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 8(2), 63-71.
Luoto, M. & Hjort, J. (2005). Evaluation of current statistical approaches for predictive geomorphological mapping. Geomorphology, 67, 299-315.
Millch, R., Balentine, A. C., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). ADHD combined type and ADHD predominantly inattentive type are distinct and unrelated disorders. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8(4), 463-488.
Matier-Sharma, N., Perachio, J. H., Newcorn, V., Sharma, J. M., Halperin (1995). Differential diagnosis of ADHD: Are objective measures of attention, impulsivity, and activity level helpful? Child Neuropsychology, 1, 118-127.
Medical Outcome Systems. (2014). The M.I.N.I. Retrieved from http://medical-outcomes.com/index/mini
Morgan, A. E., Hynd, G. W., Ricco, C. A., & HAll, J. (1996). Validity of DSM-IV ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined types:Relationship to previous DSM diagnoses/subtype differences. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 325-333.
Moruzzi, S., Rijsdijk, F., & Battaglia, M. (2014). A twin study of the relationships among inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity and sluggish cognitive tempo problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(1), 63-75.
Nakamura, B. J., Ebesutani, C., Bernstein, A., & Chorpita, B. F. (2009). A psychometric analysis of the child behavior checklist DSM-oriented scales. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(3), 178-189.
Nigg, J. T., Tannock, R., & Rohde, L. A. (2010). What is to be the fate of ADHD subtypes? An introduction to the special section on research on the ADHD subtypes and implications for the DSM–V. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(6), 723-725.
Ostrander, R., Weinfurt, K. P., Yarnold, P. R., & August, G. J. (1998). Diagnosing attention deficit disorders with eh Behavioral Assessment System for Children and the Child Behavior Checklist: test and construct validity analyses using optimal discriminant classification trees. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 660-672.
Robin, A. (1999). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents: common pediatric concerns. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 46(5), 1027-1038.
Roessner, V., Becker, A., Rothenberger, A., Rohde, L. A., & Banaschewski, T. (2007). A cross-cultural comparison between samples of Brazilian and German children with ADHD/HD using the Child Behavior Checklist. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 257(6), 352-359.
Sheehan, D. V., Sheehan, K. H., Shytle, R. D., Janavs, J., Bannon, Y., Rogers, J. E., ... &Wilkinson, B. (2010). Reliability and validity of the mini international neuropsychiatric interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID). The Journal of Cinical Psychiatry, 71(3), 313-326.
Willcutt, E. G., Pennington, B. F., Duncan, L., Smith, S. D., Keenan, J. M., Wadsworth, S. (2010). Understanding the complex etiologies of developmental disorder: Behavioral and molecular genetic approaches. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 31(7), 533-544.
Wolraich, M. I., Hanah, J. N., Pinnock, T. Y., Baumgaetel, A., Brown, J. (1996). Comparison of diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a country wide sample. Journal of the America Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 319-324.
Yoo, S. W., Kim, Y. S., Oh, K. S., Kim, C. H., Namkoong, K. (2006). Validity of Korean version of the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview. Anxiety and Mood, 2, 50-55.