open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study attempted to determine difference between primary psychopath and secondary psychopath in terms of their values. After organizing three different groups with the help of the LSRP(Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale): a primary psychopathic tendency group, a secondary psychopathic tendency group, and a normal control group, the authors compared and analyzed values of these three groups, which were measured using the PVQ-R(Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised). Based on the results, the value priorities of the two psychopathic tendency groups were heavily inclined towards the values of personal focus. In particular, the two groups showed the tendency to highly value the higher order value of self-enhancement but less value the higher value of self-transcendence. In addition, self-enhancement and self-transcendence were the higher order values which clearly differentiated the primary psychopathic tendency group and secondary psychopathic tendency group. In particular, the values of achievement, power-dominance, power-resources, and universalism-concern most clearly differentiate the two groups from each other. In addition, among the higher values of openness to change and conservation, both primary and secondary psychopathic tendency groups surpassed the normal control group in terms of the values of hedonism and face. On the other hand, the normal control group surpassed the primary and secondary psychopathic tendency groups in terms of the values of humility and conformity-rules.
Bardi, A., Lee. J. A., & Goodwing, R. (2011). The dual route to value change: Individual processes and cultural moderators. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 271-287.
Bardi, A., Lee, J. A., Hofmann - Towfigh, N., & Soutar, G. (2009). The structure of intraindividual value change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 913-929.
Bardi, A., & Schwartz, S. H. (2013). Values and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1207-1220.
Benish-Weisman, M. (2015). The interplay between values and aggression in adolescence: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 51, 677-687.
Bilsky, W. (1998). Motives and values: Towards a taxonomic integration of two psychological constructs. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Values, Maale Hakhamisha, Israel.
Blackburn, R. (1988). On moral judgments and personality disorders: The myth of psychopathic personality revisited. British Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 505-512.
Blackburn, R. (1996). Psychopathy and personality disorder: Implications of interpersonal theory. Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology, 24, 18-23.
Blackburn, R. (1998). Psychopathy and the contribution of personality to violence. In T. Millon, E. Simonsen, M. Birket - Smith, & R. D. Davis (Eds.), Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior (pp. 50-67). New York: Guilford.
Choi, J. W., & Lee, Y. H. (2014). Validation of the Korean version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised(PVQ-R). Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 33, 533-590.
Choi, S. C. (2000). The theoretical background and practice of Korean cultural psychology:Twenty years of experiential learning through doing cultural psychology in Korea. Korean Journal of Psychological and Social Issues, 6, 25-40.
Cieciuch, J., Schwartz, S. H., & Vecchione, M.(2013). Applying the refined values theory to past data: What can researchers gain? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 1215-1234.
Cleckley, H. (1941). The mask of sanity. St. Louis:Mosby.
Cleckley, H. (1982). The mask of sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.
Cooke, D. J., & Michie, C. (2001). Refining the construct of psychopathy: Towards a hierarchical model. Psychological Assessment, 13, 171-188.
Falkenbach, D., Poythress, N. G., & Creevy, C.(2008). The exploration of subclinical psychopathic subtypes and the relationship with types of aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 821-832.
Gacono, C., Nieberding, R., Owen, A., Rubel, J., & Bodholdt, R. (1997). Treating conduct disorder, antisocial, and psychopathic personalities. In J. Ashford, & B. Sales (Eds.), Treating adult and juvenile offenders with special needs (pp. 99-129). Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
Gunn, J. (1998). Psychopathy: An elusive concept with moral overtones. In T. Millon, E. Simonsen, M. Birket-Smith, & R. D. Davis (Eds.), Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior. New York: Guilford.
Gustafson, S. B., & Ritzr, D. R. (1995). The dark side of normal: A psychopathy-linked pattern called aberrant self-promotion. European Journal of Personality, 9, 147-183.
Haapasalo, J., & Pulkkinen, L. (1992). The Psychopathy Checklist and non-violent offender groups. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 2, 315-328.
Hahn, D. W., & Lee, K. S. (2003). Changes in ways to live of the Korean during the last thirty years. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 17, 49-67.
Han, M., Choi, I. C., Kim, B. J., Lee, H. J., & Kim, J. H. (2012). Korean mind mapⅠ:Emotions, thinking style, and values of Korean college students. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 31, 435-464.
Hare, R. D. (1993). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. New York: Pocket Books.
Hart, S. D., & Hare, R. D. (1997). Psychopathy:Assessment and association with criminal conduct. In D. M. Stoff, J. Breiling, & J. D. Maser (Eds.), Handbook of antisocial behavior (pp. 22-35). New York: Wiley.
Hervé, H., Ling, J., & Hare, R. D. (2000). Criminal psychopathy and its subtypes. Paper presented at the biennial conference of the American Psychology-Law Society, New Orleans, LA.
Hicks, B. M., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., Krueger, R. F., & Newman, J. P. (2004). Identifying psychopathy subtypes on the basis of personality structure. Psychological Assessment, 16, 276-288.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences:International differences in work-related values. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
Hovarth, A., & Symonds, B. (1991). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 38, 139-149.
Jakobwitz, S., & Egan, V. (2006). The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 331-339.
Jonason, P. K., Strosser, G. L., Kroll, C. H., Duineveld, J. J., & Baruffi, S. A. (2015). Valuing myself over other: The dark triad traits and moral and social values. Personality and Individual Differences, 81, 102-106.
Kajonius, P. J., Persson, B. N., & Jonason, P. K.(2015). Hedonism, achievement, and power:Universal values that characterize the dark triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 173-178.
Karpman, B. (1941). On the need for separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types:Symptomatic and idiopathic. Journal of Criminology and Psychopathology, 3, 112-137.
Karpman, B. (1946). Psychopathy in the scheme of human typology. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 103, 276-288.
Karpman, B. (1948). Conscience in the psychopath:Another version. American Journal of Otthopsychiatry, 18, 455-491.
Kernberg, O. (1998). The psychotherapeutic management of psychopathic, narcissistic, and paranoid transferences. In T. Millon, E. Simonsen, M. Birket-Smith, & R. D. Davis (Eds.), Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior (pp. 372-382). New York:Guilford.
Kim, D. M., & Park, H. J. (2005). Subtyping of psychopathy-like adolescents: Primary psychopaths and secondary psychopaths. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 13, 111-123.
Kim, H. S., Hong, H. G., Choi, H. T., Kang, D.J., & Seo, J. S. (2010). Study on the dark triad of personality traits: Narcissism, machiavellianism, primary psychopathy &secondary psychopathy. Korean Journal of Forensic Science, 11, 19-24.
Kim, Y. S., & Choi, H, N. (2009). Extending the validity of the Schwartz’s universal value theory: The Case of Korean university students. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 23, 1-16.
Kluckhohn, C. (1951). Values and value-orientation in the theory of action: An exploration in definition and classification. In T. Parsons &E. Shils (Eds.), Toward a general theory of action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Kluckhohn, F., & Strodtbeck, F. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston, IL: Row Peterson.
Knafo, A. (2003). Authoritarians, the next generation:Values and bullying among adolescent children of authoritarian fathers. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 3, 199-204.
Kosson, D., & Newman, J. (1995). An evaluation of Mealey’s hypotheses based on psychopathy checklist identified groups. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 562-563.
Kowalski, R. M. (2001). Behaving badly: Aversive behaviors in interpersonal relationships. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Lee, S. J., & Gong, J. K. (2007). Characteristic analysis of domestic homicidal behavior based on psychopathy. The Korean Association of Police Science Review, 13, 1-23.
Lee, Z., & Salekin, R. T. (2010). Psychopathy in a noninstitutional sample: Difference in primary and secondary subtypes. Personality Disorders:Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1, 153-169.
Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C.M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68, 151-158.
McClelland, D. C. (1985). How motives, skills and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40, 812-825.
McHoskey, J. W. (1995). Narcissism and machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 77, 755-759.
McHoskey, J. W., Worzel, W., & Szyarto, C.(1998). Machiavellianism and psychopathy, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74, 192-210.
Mealy, L. (1995). Primary sociopathy(psychopathy)is a type, secondary is not. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 579-599.
Miller, J. D., Dir, A. D., Gentile, B., Wilson, L.,Pryor, L. R., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Searching for a vulnerable dark triad:Comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 78, 1529-1564.
Na, E. Y., & Cha, Y. R. (2010). Trends of value changes in Korea: Based on 1979, 1998, and 2010 survey data. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 24, 63-93.
Park, J. S., Hyun, M. H., & You, J. M. (2010). A comparison of the characteristics of juvenile borderline personality disorder feature and juvenile psychopathic behavior feature. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 945-967.
Parsons, T., & Shils, E. A. (1951). Toward a general theory of action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556-563.
Porter, S. (1996). Without conscience or without active conscience? The etiology of psychopathy revisited. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 1, 179-189.
Roccas, S., Sagive, L., Schwartz, S. H., & Knafo,A. (2002). The Big Five personality factors and personal values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 789-801.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: Free Press.
Ross, S. R., Moltó, J., R., Segarra, P., Pastor, M.C., & Montañés, S. (2007). Gray's model and psychopathy: BIS but not BAS differentiates primary from secondary psychopathy in non-institutionalized young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1622-1655.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values?. Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45.
Schwartz, S. H., & Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a universal psychological structure of human values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 550-562.
Schwartz, S. H., & Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross-cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 878-891.
Schwartz, S. H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., Konty, M. (2012). Refining the theory of basic individual values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 663-688.
Skeem, J., Johansson, P., Andershed, H., Kerr, M., & Louden, J. (2007). Two subtypes of psychopathic violent offenders that parallel primary and secondary variants. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 116, 395-409.
Skeem, J., Poythress, N., Edens, J., Lilienfeld, S., & Cale, E. (2003). Psychopathic personality or personalities? Exploring potential variants of psychopathy and their implications for risk assessment. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 8, 513-546.
Song, J. Y., & Park, K, H. (2009). The sociocultural variables influencing social anxiety with concern for offending others: Focusing on che-myeon, nun-chi, and self-construal. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 329-343.
Sortheix, F. M., Olakivi, A., & Halkama, K.(2013). Values, life events, and health: A study in a finnish rural community. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 23, 331-346.
Suedfeld, P., & Landon, P. (1978). Approaches to treatment. In R. Hare & D. Schalling (Eds.), Psychopathic behaviour: Approaches to research. London: Wiley.
Wong, S. (2000). Psychopathic offenders. In S. Hodgins & R. Muller-Isberner (Eds.), Violence, crime and mentally disordered offenders: Concepts and methods for effective treatment. London:Wiley.
Wong, S., & Hare, R. (2003). Program guidelines for the institutional treatment of violent psychopathic offenders. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
Youn, H., & Lee, Y. H. (2016). Primary and secondary psychopathic traits and unethical decision making: Mediating effect of moral emotion and moral disengagement. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 453-472.