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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
본 연구는 정신분열병 환자들의 언어 처리 결손이 맥락정보를 이해하는 과정의 결손 때문인지, 아니면 이해된 맥락정보를 유지하고 활용하는 과정의 결손 때문인지를 밝히고자 하였다. 또한 환자들의 맥락정보 처리 결손이 특정 증상 군-양성증상, 음성증상-과 관련성이 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 65명의 피험자(정상인 22명, 양성증상을 가진 환자 23명, 음성증상을 가진 환자 20명)에게 두 가지 이상의 의미를 갖는 단어(표적)를 포함하는 문장완성과제를 수행하도록 하였다. 그리고 표적 앞에는 맥락정보를 제공하여 표적의 의미를 강하게 혹은 약하게 제약하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 환자들은 정상인에 비해 모든 조건에서 표적의 의미를 맥락과 일치하게 처리하지 못하였다. 하지만 ‘약한 제약 조건’에서 보다 ‘강한 제약 조건’에서 유의하게 표적의 의미를 맥락과 일치하게 해석함으로 맥락정보가 표적을 제약하는 정도에 따라 표적 의미를 처리하는 양상이 달라졌다. 이러한 양상은 양성증상 집단과 음성증상 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 정신분열병 환자들의 언어 정보처리 결손이 맥락정보의 이해과정 결손 때문이 아니라 맥락정보의 유지/활용과정 결손 때문임을 의미한다. 그리고 환자들의 맥락정보 처리 결손이 양성증상이나 음성증상과 같은 특정 증상 군과 관련되어 있지 않음을 나타낸다. 그러므로 앞으로 정신분열병 환자들을 위한 인지재활 및 치료의 접근 방향은 증상 군에 관계없이 맥락정보를 유지하고 활용하는 능력을 향상시키는데 초점을 맞추어야 할 것이다.
Using a sentence-completion task, this study attempted to determine whether schizophrenic patient‘s failure to process language is caused by their deficits in representing or maintaining/using contextual information. Three groups (a control group of 22 normal people, a group of 23 positive symptom patients, and a group of 20 negative symptom patients) of participants were shown a set of 20 incomplete sentences and asked to complete them. Each incomplete sentence started with a phrase (the contextual information) followed by a homonymic word, the target, with which the sentence ended. The contextual information varied with respect to the extent to which it constrains the meaning of the target. The performance level was measured in terms of the number of sentences correctly completed. The completion was considered to be correct when the meaning of target word was in accordance with that of contextual information. The performance levels of both patient groups was significantly lower than that of the control group regardless of the strength of contextual constraints. Both patient groups' performance was significantly lower in low-constraint condition than in high-constraint condition. There was no difference found in performance level between two patient groups in any condition. The results suggest that schizophrenic patients' failure in processing linguistic information is caused rather by their deficits in maintaining/using contextual information and that schizophrenics understand contextual information rather well. It is suggested that the focus of rehabilitation treatment would be better on improving maintaining and/or using skills of contextual information regardless of the symptoms of schizophrenia.
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