E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study investigated the role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between nightmares and psychopathology in a sample of 461 college students. We considered nightmare frequency, nightmare distress, experiential avoidance, psychological symptoms, schizotypal personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. The results indicated that the interaction between experiential avoidance and nightmare frequency was a significant predictor of nightmare distress. For lower nightmare frequencies, nightmare distress did not correlate with nightmare distress. However, at higher nightmare frequencies nightmare distress was positively correlated with experiential avoidance. The interaction between experiential avoidance and nightmare distress was a significant predictor of the psychopathological severity. The greater the nightmare distress, the greater the effect of experiential avoidance upon the psychopathological symptoms was found. We discuss the clinical implications of these results, limitations of the study, and possible directions for future study.
김광일, 김재환, 원호택 (1984). 간이정신진단 검사 실시요강. 서울. 중앙적성 출판부.
서재삼, 황순택 (2006). 한국형 성격장애 진단검사의 개발과 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 25(1), 273-288.
이종명 (2006). 악몽과 정신병리에 관한 연구. 가톨릭대학교 석사학위 논문.
이종명, 이영호 (2007). 악몽과 정신건강. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(1), 145-160.
천지혜 (2008). 악몽빈도가 악몽고통과 정신병리에 미치는 영향: 악몽대처 방식의 중재효과 검증. 가톨릭 대학교 석사학위논문.
최해연 (2008). 정서표현에 대한 갈등과 억제연구. 미발표 서울대학교 박사학위 논문
Belicki, K. (1992a). Nightmare frequency versus nightmare distress: Relations to psychopathology and cognitive style. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 592-597.
Belicki, K. (1992b). The relationship of nightmare frequency to nightmare suffering with implications for treatment and research. Dreaming, 2, 143-148.
Berquier, A., & Ashton, R. (1992). Characteristics of the frequent nightmare sufferer. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 246-250.
Blagrove, M. T. (2001). Differential associations of psychopathology with nightmare frequency and nightmare suffering. Sleep, 24, Abstract Supplement, A181-182.
Blagrove, M. T., Farmer, L., & Williams, E. (2004). The relationship of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress to well-being. Journal of Sleep Research, 13, 129-136.
Derogatis, L. R. (1977). SCL-90 (revised) manual I. Clinical Psychometrics Research Unit, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Eifert, G. H., & Forsyth, J. P. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders: A practitioner's treatment guide to using mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based behavioral change strategies. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.
Hartmann, E. (1984). The nightmare: The psychology and the biology of terrifying dreams. New York: Basic Books.
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guildford.
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., Polusny, M. A., Dykstra, T. A., Batten, S. V., Bergan, J., Stewart, S. H., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., Bond, F. W., Forsyth, J. P. Karekla, M., & Mccurry, S. M. (2004), Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54, 553-578.
Hayuth, G. (2008). The language of absence. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 89, 561-578.
Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparison with coping and emotion regulations strategies. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 44, 1301-1320.
Krawkow, B., Hollifield, M., Schrader, R., Koss, M., Tandberg, D., Lauriello, J., McBride, L., Warner, T., Cheng, D., Edmond., & Kellner, R. (2000). A controlled study of imagery rehearsal for chronic nightmares in sexual assault survivor with PTSD: A preliminary report. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 589-609.
Kothe, A., & Pietrowsky, R. (2001). Behavioral effects of nightmares and personality patterns, American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 1197-1201.
Levin, R. (1998). Nightmare and schizotypy. Psychiatry, 61, 206-216.
Levin, R., & Fireman, G. (2001-2002). The relation of fantasy proneness, psychological absorption, and imaginative involvement to nightmare prevalence and nightmare distress. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 21, 111-129.
Levin, R., & Fireman, G. (2002a). Nightmare prevalence, nightmare distress, and self- reported psychological disturbance. Sleep, 25, 205-212.
Levin, R., & Fireman, G. (2002b). Phenomenal qualities of nightmare experience in a prospective study of college students. Dreaming, 12, 109-120.
Levin, R., & Nielsen, T. A. (2007). Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affective distress: A review and neurocognitive model. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 482-528.
Nielsen, T. A., & Levin, R. (2007). Nightmares: A new neurocognitive model. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 11, 295-310.
Santanello, A. W., & Gardner, F. L. (2007). The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31, 319-332.